The Analysis Of The Effect Of Forced Displacement Of Internally Displaced Persons: Case Study Northern Uganda

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... .i

DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................ iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ v

LIST OF STATUTES .................................................................................................................. vi

LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................. vii

CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................... !

1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. !

1.2 Background to the Study ............................................................................................ 2

1.3 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................ 8

1.4 Scope of the Study ...................................................................................................... 9

1.5 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................................. 9

1.6 Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................... 9

I. 7 Literature Review ..................................................................................................... ! 0

1.8 Hypothesis ................................................................................................................ 14

1.9 Justification ............................................................................................................... 15

1.1 0 Chapterization ........................................................................................................... 15

1.11 Research Methodology ............................................................................................. 17

1.12 Anticipated Constraints and Ethical Considerations ................................................ 17

CHAPTER TW0 ...................................................................................................................... 18

POLICY AND LAWS ON IDPS AND LAND IN UGANDA ............................................... 18

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... l8

2.2 THE POVERTY ERADICATION ACTION PLAN ............................................... 19

2.3 THE LAND SECTOR STRATEGIC PLAN ............................................................ 21

2.4 THE DRAFT NATIONAL LAND POLICY ........................................................... 23

2.5 THE NATIONAL POLICY FOR IDPS ................................................................... 27

2.5.1 Resources and Capacity at National and District Level ........................................... 27

2.5.2 Integration with District Operations ......................................................................... 28

2.5.3 Collaboration with Central Government .................................................................. 29

2.5.4 Policy without Legislation is Ineffective .................................................................. 29

2.5.5 Long term Solutions and Compensation ................................................................... 30

2.6 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA, 1995 ....................... 30

2.7 THE LAND ACT CAP 227 AMENDED BY (AMENDMENT) ACT 2004 ......... 33

2.8 DECENTRALIZATION OF LAND ........................................................................ 37

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................. 39

INEFFICIENCY ON EXISTING LAND LAWS .................................................................. 39

3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 39

3.2 LAND MATTERS IN DISPLACEMENT ............................................................... 39

3.2.1 Land Ownership ........................................................................................................ 39

3.2.2 Loss of Land ............................................................................................................. 40

3.2.3 Land Administration ................................................................................................. 42

3.2.4 Dispute Resolution .................................................................................................... 42

3.2.5 Displacement and Retum .......................................................................................... 43

3.3 THE RESETTLEMENT OF LANDLESS IDPS IN UGANDA .............................. 43

3.3.1 Loss of Land ............................................................................................................. 45

3.3.2 The IDP Policy ........................................................................................................ .45

3.4 TRADITIONAL LAND ADMINISTRATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE LAND

ACT AND MANAGEMENT OF CPRs IN UGANDA .......................................... .47

3.4.1 Ownership and Management of CPRs ..................................................................... .47

3.4.2 Land Administration ................................................................................................. 49

3.4.3 The Law vis-a-vis Land Policy ................................................................................ ,50

3.4.4 IDPs Returns and Resettlement .................................. , ............................................. 50

3.5 THE SOCIAL PROFILE OF THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE LIVES OF

IDPS .......................................................................................................................... 51

3.5.1 Land Ownership ........................................................................................................ 5l

3.5.2 Loss of Land ............................................................................................. , ............... 52

3.5.3 Land Administration and Women's Rights .................................................... ., ........ 53

CHAPTER FOUR ...................................................................................... , ............................. 56

4.0 EXAMPLES DRAWN FROM COUNTRIES FACING SIMILAR PROBLEMS IN

4.1

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.2.5

4.2.6

0 4.3

RESOLVING THE LAND CRISIS IN POST CONFLICT NORTHERN UGANDA56

INTRODUCTION , ................................................................................................... 56

KEYS ISSUES AND LESSONS LEARNT FROM OTHER COUNTRIES ......... 59

Formalization of Occupancy I Tenure ...................................................................... 60

The Context of the Conflict ...................................................................................... 61

The Political Nature of Land Policy in Weak States ................................................ 62

Restitution and Compensation .................................................................................. 63

Management of Disputes and Claims ....................................................................... 65

The Political Sustainability of Inequity .................................................................... 67

CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................... 68

CHAPTER FIVE ...................................................................................................................... 70

5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE POST CONFLICT LAND POLICY

DURING THE RESSETTLMENT OF IDPS IN UGANDA AND SEARCH

FOR VIABLE LAW ............................................................................................... 70

5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 70

5.2 Problems to be addressed .......................................................................................... 70

5 .2.1 Awareness on Land Rights ....................................................................................... 71

5.2.2 Land Administration and Dispute Resolution .......................................................... 71

5 .2.3 Tilting the Codification ............................................................................................. 72

5 .2.4 Loss of Land ............................................................................................................. 73

5.3 ISSUES TO ADDRESS IN LAND AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION .................. 73

5.3.1 Security of Tenure .................................................................................................... 74

5.3.2 Access to Land and Lack thereof.. ............................................................................ 77

5.3 .3 Distribution of Land ................................................................................................. 78

5.4 GENERAL CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 80

BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 82