ABSTRACT
Evidence from studies has shown that global production of cigarette has tremendously increased. Despite the fact that the hazards of smoking are well known the number of young people who take up cigarette smoking still seems to be on the increase particularly in developing countries. Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of premature deaths, diseases, and disabilities around the world. Smoking causes damage to different parts of the body such as mouth, teeth, skin, fingernails and hair. Tobacco products contains elements and compounds such as arsenic, carbon monoxide, nicotine and formaldehyde which may cause wrinkles, discolouration of skin complexion and yellowing of fingernails when they enter the bloodstream. Damage caused internally and externally by smoking leads to many changes in a person’s appearance. Smoking makes people seem older than they actually are. Beside the offensive body odour, coloured teeth and lips have great negative social health impact on cigarette smokers. The aim of this research project is to determine the consequences associated with cigarette smoking among male Students in Kaduna State University. Social learning theory and Health belief model were used as theoretical framework for this study. Simple random technique was used in selecting the target population of this study. Findings of the study indicate that male students that parental smoking habit, siblings that smokes, desire to belong and peer pressure, tobacco companies’ advertisement, movies they watch, pleasure/satisfaction derived from smoking, anxiety/depression, curiosity and obtaining cigarette from friends encouraged smoking among male students. The study also revealed that cancer of the mouth/lungs cancer, breathing problem, poor oral/dental health problem, heart diseases, shorten one’s life span, reduces ones physical fitness, smoking in public places is harmful to non smokers, smoking lead to the use of alcohol, Indian hemp are consequences of cigarette smoking among male students the study revealed that cancer of the mouth/lungs cancer, breathing problem, poor oral/dental health problem, heart diseases, shorten one’s life span, reduces ones physical fitness, smoking in public places is harmful to non smokers, smoking lead to the use of alcohol, Indian hemp are consequences of cigarette smoking among male students. Among the recommendations was that there is need for school management and government should embark on enlightenments campaign on the health effects and dangers of cigarette smoking and attitudinal change towards smoking
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study .....................................................................1
1.2 Statement of reserch problem ……..………………………………...3
1.3 Research Question……………...…….………………………….……….6
1.4 Research objectives ………………….……………………………...….6
1.5 Significance of the study …………….....………………………………..7
1.6 Scope of the study ………………......……………………………..7
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction ………………………………………………….……….…..9
2.2 Factors Which Encourage Cigarette Smoking Among Male Students ..........9
2.3 Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among Students…………..............………...…...15
2.4 The Consequences Associated With Cigarette Smoking Among Male Students Health Effects Of Cigarette Smoking...19
2.5 Possible Ways To Reduce Cigarette Smoking Among Male Student….....................…..25
2.6 Theoretical Framework ………........…………………………………….…27
2.6.1 Social Learning Theory-----------------------------------------------------------------27
2.6.2 Health Belief Model……........……………………………………………….28
CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
3.1 Location of the study …….......…………………………….……………….33
3.2 Sample size and Sample method …………………………………....................34
3.3 Method of data collection. ……………….............……………………………35
3.4 Method of data analysis …………………................……….….………...... 36
3.5 Problems encountered from the field ……..............……………………….. 37
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introduction ………………………………..................……………………38
4.2 Socio- demographic characteristics of respondents ..……...........…...……..38
4.3 Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among Male Students..............................40
4.4 Perception on Consequences Associated With Cigarette Smoking Among Male Students………………………….…….…………..…48
4.5 Possible Measure that could be Employed in Curbing the Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among Students ...53
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of findings .............................................................................. 56
5.2 Discussion of major findings ………………………………………..............58
5.3 Conclusion …………………………………………………………............64
5.4 Recommendations ………......……………………..……………………… 65
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………. 67
Appendix I: Questionnaire …………………………………………….80
Appendix II In-depth Interview Guide …………………………….....81