The Effect of Pharmacists' Monitoring Role On Clinical Outcomes of Hypertensive Patients Attending Two Tertiary Referral Hospitals

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................. i

CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION .................................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................. iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... vi

LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................. ix

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ x

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... x

Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ x

Results ................................................................................................................................................ xi

Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... xi

Recommendations ............................................................................................................................. xii

1.0 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... I

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... I

1.2 Problem Statement. ........................................................................................................................ 4

1.2 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................. 4

1.4 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 4

1.5 Hypotheses ..................................................................................................................................... 5

Null 1-Iypotheses .................................................................................................................................. 5

Alternative Hypotheses ........................................................................................................................ 5

1.6 Justification of the Study ............................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................................. 7

Literature Review ................................................................................................................................ 7

Hypertension Treatment .................................................................................................................... 12

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CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................... 14

3.0 Methods and Materials ................................................................................................................ 14

3.1 Study Design ................................................................................................................................ l4

3.2 Study Setting ................................................................................................................................ 14

3.3 Study Population .......................................................................................................................... 15

3.4 Sample Size ................................................................................................................................. 15

3.4.1 Inclusion Criteria ...................................................................................................................... 15

3.4.2 Exclusion Criteria ..................................................................................................................... 15

3.5 Sampling Techniques .................................................................................................................. 15

3.6 Data Collection Procedures ......................................................................................................... 16

3. 7 Outcome Measures ...................................................................................................................... 16

3.8 Data Analysis Procedures ............................................................................................................ 16

3.9 Ethical Considerations ................................................................................................................. 17

3.10 Limitations to the Study ............................................................................................................ 17

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................................. 18

RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................... 18

4.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 18

4.1 Study Findings ............................................................................................................................. 18

Figure !Distribution by age ............................................................................................................... l8

Figure 2Distribution by sex ............................................................................................................... 19

Figure 3 Distribution by whether prescription is old or new ............................................................. 22

CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................... 32

DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDA TION ........................................................ 32

5.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 32

5.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 34

5.3 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 34

6.0 References ................................................................................................................................... 35

7.0 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................. 38

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Appendix I: COSENT FORM CONSENT FORM ........................................................................... 38

Appendix 2: QUESTIONAIRE ......................................................................................................... 40

ABSTRACT

Introduction Patients with hypertension need to be more aggressively managed usmg lifestyle and antihypertensive therapy to reduce unwanted consequences of high blood pressure. According to Pharmaceutical society of Uganda (PSU), Martin Oteba (2014), the head of the Pharmacy division in the ministry of health Uganda, the absence of pharmacist affects quality of healthcare. This is because appropriate orders catmot be made for drugs and in instances where drugs are delivered to hospitals they ca1U1ot be appropriately used. The study aimed at assessing the effects of pharmacist's monitoring role in hypertensive patients' drug use clinical outcomes at Kampala International Uni versity (KlUTH) and Mulago Hospital Uganda. Methodology Descriptive and prospective cross sectional study was used to analyze the interaction between the 0 patient and pharmacist in routine consultations and the effects of pharmacists' monitoring role on the clinical outcomes of the hype11ensive patients attending KlUTH pharmacy and Mulago regional referral hospital phantasy. The questioru1aires contained questions regarding aspects of pharmacist interactions with patients in a hospital setting. Topics specifically addressed were: blood pressure recyling, the type of drug(s) being filled for the prescription, dietary restrictions, patient questions, and drug-related problems identified by the pharmacist, whether it was a new prescription or a refill, patient gender and patient age.