The Fight Against Terrorism And The Applicability Of International Humanitarian Law A Case Study Of The Middle East.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................................... ;

CERTIFICATION ................................................................................................................................... ;;

DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... v

ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................ vii

CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1

I. I. I. Types of armed conjlict ......................................................................................................... 2

I.I.2. Humanitarian law prior to its codification ............................................................................ 3

I.I.3. What law governed armed conflicts prior to the advent of contempormy .............................. .4

humanitarian law ................................................................................................................................. 4

I.I.4. Terrorism ............................................................................................................................. 4

I.I.5. The elusive definition of terrorism ........................................................................................ 4

I.I.6 Terrorism turns international ............................................................................................... 5

I.I. 7 The Twenty First Century: Religious Terrorism and Beyond ................................................. 6

I.I.8 The Origins of Modern Terrorism ......................................................................................... 6

I.I.9. The Rise of Non-State Terrorism ........................................................................................... 6

I.I.IO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Involvement In The Fight Against Terrorism ...................... 7

I. I. II. Response to September II .................................................................................................... 7

1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ........................................................................................ 9

1.3. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... , ........................... lO

1.4. OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................ 10

1.5. HYPOTHESIS ....................................................................................................................... 10

1.6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY ....................................................................................................... 11

1.7. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ................................................................................ ll

I. 8. LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................... 12

1.9. CHAPTER BREAKDOWN ................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER TW0 ................................................................................................................................... 15

2.1. CONVENTIONAL VS. TERROR WARFARE AND THE CHALLENGES IT ...................... 15

v

POSES AGAINST IHL ..................................................................................................................... 15

2.1.1. The "Acts of Terror" .......................................................................................................... 15

2.1.2. Terrorist acts committed outside of armed conflict should be addressed by means of domestic

or international law enforcement . ...................................................................................................... 18

2.1.3. Legal Responsibility for Acts of Terrorism .......................................................................... 21

2.1.4. The case of non-signatories . ............................................................................................... 23

2.1.5. Legal recourse against terrorists . ....................................................................................... 23

2.1.6. The challenge of terrorism to IHL ...................................................................................... 25

2.1. 7. The challenge posed by the international community's response to terrorism ...................... 26

2.1.8. Assertions that IHL is inadequate or not applicable to the "war against terror" ................. 27

2.1.9. Assertions that IHL is outdated ........................................................................................... 28

CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................................... 30

3.1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 30

3.2. WHAT LAW APPLIES TO PERSONS DETAINED IN THE FIGHT AGAINST .................. 30

TERRORISM .................................................................................................................................... 30

3.3. THE ROLE OF ICRC WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS DETAINED IN THE ....................... 31

FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM ...................................................................................................... 31

3.4. THE STATUS OF TALIBAN DETAINEES .......................................................................... 33

3.5. THE STATUS OF CAPTURED AL QAEDA ....................................................................... 37

CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................. 39

4.1. THE MORAL CASE AGAINST TERROR WARFARE ........................................................ 39

CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................................................... 42

5.1. RECOMMENDATIONS, OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION ...................................... 42

5.2. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................... 46

BIBLIOGRAPHY I REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 49

CASES CITED ...................................................................................................................................... 50