CONTENTS .- -
CERTIFICATION:
DEDICATION :
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION : '
1.1 Motivation behind growth of thin
Films
1.2 What are thin films
.I "3 Uses of thin films
1.4 Deposition techniques :
1.5 Reasons for the technique used
in experimentation 10
- CHAPTER TWO : BASIC SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS 12 - 39
2.1 What are SemicondLlcrors 12
2.2 Examples of Semiconductors 14
2 '3 Types of Semiconductors 16
2.4 Semiconductor Statistics 20
2 -41 Probability of occupation of
allowed states 2 0
2.4.2 Dynamics of electrons and holes 22
2.4'3 Band gap energy 26
2.4.4 Densities of carriers : 30
2 '4 -5 Fermi Energy level in Semiconductors 3 4
2.4.6 Diffusion in Semiconductors 3 6
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viii
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- PAGE
I , CHAPTER THREG - :EXPER~AL PROC~URE 40 - 46
I -'
I 3.1 Description of deposition technique used 40
I
3 '2 Experimental work 43
3.'2. 1 Thickness variation with time and PI1 4 3
3:2 2 Thickness variation with volume of
complexing agent 4 6
3.2.3 Thickness variation with strengths
of C~(NO~)~ and (NH2)2CS in the
ratio 1.0 : 0.5 46
1; a &APTER - FOUR: MEASUREMENTS AND DISCUSSION OF
! RESULTS 47 71
! 4.1 Physical appearance of the deposited
film 4 7 I
I
4.2. Study of the Absorbance of the
film . , 4 7
I
I 4.3 Thickness of film measurement : 53
I
4.3.1 Relative thickness obtained from
1.0:l.O and 1.0:,0.5 Cd(No3I2 and
(NH212CS baths , 5 5
i
i 4.3 "2 Thickness versus PH 56
4.3.3 Thickness versus ,Time : 58 !
I
! 4.4 Thickness versus volume of.complexing
agent 6 1
4.5 Error Calculations 63
PAGE
CHAPTER FIVE: GENERAL CCNCLUSION 72 - 75
5.1 Summary of Results 72
5.2 Applications of Result : 72
5.3 Conclusion : 73
5.4 Suggestions for further study : 74
REFERENCES :
Kechere, P (2022). The Growth and Characterization of Thin CDs by Solution Deposition Technique. Afribary. Retrieved from https://tracking.afribary.com/works/the-growth-and-characterization-of-thin-cds-by-solution-deposition-technique
Kechere, Paul "The Growth and Characterization of Thin CDs by Solution Deposition Technique" Afribary. Afribary, 16 Oct. 2022, https://tracking.afribary.com/works/the-growth-and-characterization-of-thin-cds-by-solution-deposition-technique. Accessed 18 Dec. 2024.
Kechere, Paul . "The Growth and Characterization of Thin CDs by Solution Deposition Technique". Afribary, Afribary, 16 Oct. 2022. Web. 18 Dec. 2024. < https://tracking.afribary.com/works/the-growth-and-characterization-of-thin-cds-by-solution-deposition-technique >.
Kechere, Paul . "The Growth and Characterization of Thin CDs by Solution Deposition Technique" Afribary (2022). Accessed December 18, 2024. https://tracking.afribary.com/works/the-growth-and-characterization-of-thin-cds-by-solution-deposition-technique