The Petroleum Industry in Unity State of South Sudan: An Examination of the Legal Regime

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration .......................................................................................................... ii

Approval by supervisor .................................................................................. iii

Dedication ........................................................................................................... iv

Aknowlegdements .............................................................................................. v

List of Accronyms j Abbreviations .............................................................. vi

Abstract ................................................................................................................. x

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY .............................. I

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1

1.1 Background to the study ..................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................... 6

1.3 Purpose of the study ............................................................................. 7

1.4 Specific objectives .................................................................................. 7

1. 5 Research Questions .............................................................................. 7

1.6 Scope of the Study ................................................................................. 8

1.6.1 Conceptual scope ................................................................................... 8

1.6.2 Geographical scope ................................................................................ 8

1.6.3 Time scope .............................................................................................. 8

1.7 The Significance of the Study ............................................................ 9

1.8 Literature Review ................................................................................. 10

1.8.1 Pre and Post-independence institutions in South Sudan ...... 10

1.8.2 Oil revenues and government spending in South Sudan ....... 14

1. 9 Methodology ........................................................................................... 16

CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGIES AND

THEORIES ......................................................................................................... 18

2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................... 18

2.1 Concepts and Terminologies ............................................................ 18

2.2 Theories of Petroleum ......................................................................... 32

CHAPTER THREE: THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN SOUTH

SUDAN ................................................................................................................. 35

3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................... 35

3.1 Major players in the South Sudan Petroleum industry .......... 37

IX

3.3 Community Concerns in Unity State ........................................... .40

CHAPTER FOUR: LEGISLATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .... 43

4.0 Introduction ......................................................................................... 43

4.1 Legal framework for the management of Petroleum industry

in Unity State, South Sudan ....................................................................... .43

4.2 Major issues in the Petroleum Law and legislations .............. .47

4.2.1 Opening of areas ................................................................................. .47

4.2.2 Tendering Procedure and Qualification requirements ............ .48

4.2.3 Incorporation and organization requirements ........................... .48

4.2.4 Exploration and Production sharing agreements ..................... .49

4.2.5 Exploration Drilling ............................................................................. 52

4.2.6 Development and Production ........................................................... 53

4.2.7 Production permits .............................................................................. 55

4.3 Community land use legislation in Unity State ......................... 58

4.4 Environmental issues in petroleum sector in Unity state ...... 59

4.5 Critique of the current legislative process ................................... 60

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................... 65

5.0 Introduction ................................................................................................ 65

5.1 Summary offindings ............................................................................... 65

5.2 Conclusions ................................................................................................ 66

5.4 Areas for further research ..................................................................... 72

References; ....................................................................................................... 73

Appendices ........................................................................................................ 79

Appendix I: Questionnaires for selected respondents .......................... 79

Appendix II: Interview Guide for civil society and localleaders ........ 83

Appendix III: Proposed budget for proposal and report writing ........ 84

Appendix IV: Time Frame/Work plan ........................................................ 85