The Role Of Local Communities In Conservation Of Archaeological And Historical Heritage In Central And Coastal Tanzania

ABSTRACT

Tanzania is the home of abundant Cultural Heritage resources of national and international significance. These heritage resources include prehistoric rock arts, Stone Age sites, historical records and monuments. Large part of this heritage is found in the areas where communities live. However, the national management approach has not adequately tapped the contribution of the local communities in the conservation of the heritage resources. This study resorted to examine the state of heritage conservation, local community perceptions and practices toward conservation of archaeological and historical heritage in central and coastal Tanzania. The study also examines the contribution of heritage conservation to the livelihood of communities living near the heritage. Guided by New Museology approach and Cultural Materialism Theory, the study used qualitative approach and sampled a total of 137 respondents as key informants. Participant observation, semi- structured interview, focus group discussion and use of documentary sources formed various tools for data collection. The study revealed that sites under study were found to be potential heritage assets. However, most of the sites were seen to be at the risk of deterioration due to human and natural factors although the magnitude of risk varies. Further, the study found out that communities in the study sites do have a significant role to play in the conservation of the archaeological and historical heritage. However, the communities‟ roles vary due to their differences in perceptions. Further it was found that there were conflicts related to the protected sites which at times emerged between local communities and Antiquities authority. These conflicts were fuelled by ignorance, lack of transparency, top bottom management approach and lack of benefit sharing to the community. It was revealed that the local communities are willing to support conservation efforts only when they achieve their expectations possibly through sharing the benefits of the sites. The study recommends for more education, community involvement in the planning and management of the heritage resources, and sustainable utilization of the resources.