The Role of Society on Orphans Educational Rights in Zanzibar Tanzania. A Case Study of Unguja North A District

ABSTRACT

This study examined the role of society on orphans’ education right, by taking case of Unguja North “A” District special in three villages that are Gamba, Chaani and Bandamaji. As such, the study treated variables that included the role of society and orphans’ educational right. Despite the existence of some human rights organization in Zanzibar, still the rights of orphans on education are said to be violated. Due to the prevailing poor economic conditions many families continue to live in severe poverty. Responsibilities of providing for orphans are left to house holds, relatives or community members who due to financial constrains may not be able to help. The examined the role of society promoting educational rights to orphans Unguja North ‘A’ District in three villages that are Gamba,. Chaani and Bandamaji and suggesting possible intervention to the situation. The instruments used included questionnaires and interviews. While the target population included 300 orphans, 100 care givers and 100 class teachers. Data were collected in February 2010, through representative sample, simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The major findings of the study revealed that, orphans experienced many challenge on not adequate quality education due to several factors, largely attributed to poverty, lack of external support, lack of unity in the society, lack finances and neglect by the community which have had negative implication. As a result orphans drop out from school some of them engaged on child labor. The study established that orphans are not adequately enjoying their right to education. Society has not ready to play her role. NGOs CBOs and religious group have not given support yet to orphans in other villages special in rural x areas. This condition caused negative implication in orphans’ lives, example in regular school attendance. The study concludes that the various ways in which the factors that increase the vulnerability of orphans can be mitigated through intervention implementation of National policy for orphans providing relief aid and adequate scholastic materials. The community should know their responsibility to look after orphans not to leave responsibility to member of family alone. The recommendation made is community has to step up to its role as the first to attend to the needs of the orphans in the community.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION A

DECLARATION B

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

ACRONYMS jix

ABTRACT

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background

1.2 Statement of the Problem 10

1.3 Purpose of the Study 11

1.4 Research Objectives 11

1.5 Research Questions ii

1.6 Scope 12

1.7 Significance of the Study 12

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 21

2.0 Introduction 21

2.1 Violation of educational right to orphans 21

2.2 Factors that affect educational right to orphans 25

2.3 Community responses to orphan’s needs to enjoy the right to education 28

2.4 Ways and means to handle with such problem 32

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 39

3.0 Introduction 39

3.1 Research design 39

3.2 Sample in population 41

3.3 Sampling design 41

3.4 Instruments 42

3.5 Ethical procedure 43

3.6 Data analysis 43

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION 44

4.0 Introduction 44

4.1 Profile of Respondents 44

4.2 Back ground information to respondents (orphans) 45

4.3 Factors that affect educational right to orphans 55

4.4 Ways and means to handle such problems 58

4.5 A basic of Violation of educational right to orphans 58

4.6 Factors that affect educational right to orphans 63

4.7 Community responses to children’s need to enjoy the right to education 67

4.8 Ways and means to handle such problem 69

4.9 Basis of violation of educational right to orphans, 71

4.10 Factors that affect educational right to orphans 75

4.11 Community responses to orphans’ needs to enjoy the right to education 77

4.12 Ways and means to handle with such problem 79

4.13 Discussions 81

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 85

5.0 Introduction 85

5.1 Conclusions 85

5.2 Recommendation 88

5.3 Area for Further Research 93

REFERENCES

APPENDICES 99

APPENDIX I — Transmittal Letter 99

Appendix II — Clearance from Ethics Committee 100

Appendix III — Informed Consent 101

APPENDIX IV: Research Questions 102

APPENDIX V: MAP OF UNGUJA ISLAND-ZANZIBAR SHOWING AREAS OF STUDY 111

APPENDIX VI: BILL OF RIGHTS 112

APPENDIX VII: REGIONAL INSTRUMENT 117

APPENDIX VIII: NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS 121

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE 122