THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY-BASED ADAPTATION (CBA) IN GHANA: THE CASE OF THE ADAPTATION LEARNING PROGRAMME (ALP) IN EAST MAMPRUSI DISTRICT (EMD)

ABSTRACT Community-based adaptation (CBA) has become one of the most discussed climate change adaptation options in recent times especially in developing countries. In Ghana, CARE International’s five-year Adaptation Learning programme (ALP) was carried out in two vulnerable districts in Northern Ghana. The study was to identify and describe the socioeconomic benefits of the ALP on the livelihoods of households in Saamini and Zambulugu communities in East Mamprusi district. Both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were employed using the comparative (before and after) and case study analytical approach. Paired-samples t-test and chi-square tests were the statistical tests used to compare primary data between 2010 and 2014. The results from the study showed that households in both communities benefited from the programme. However, Saamini community benefited more from off-farm ALP strategies than Zambulugu community who benefited from on-farm strategies. Although production in both communities dropped in 2014 as compared to 2010, the incomes obtained were tripled due to the changes in price-value of crops between the two periods. Households also saved more and borrowed less but household budget increased and households were unable to lend money in 2014 as compared to periods before the ALP. Social outcomes like months of food availability increased by two months, health conditions improved for households but there was not much difference in terms of months for those who complained of one illness. School attendance increased in both communities and women empowerment was the biggest achievement of the programme in 2014. Although some households complained of some challenges with the ALP, majority of sampled households admitted the intervention was beneficial and sustainable. Recommendations are made to improve any future CBA intervention in the district, region or at the national level. In all, the study confirmed CBA as an effective adaptation option for developing countries in the face of harsh climate change impacts.