The Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Partially Purified Ethyl acetate Extracts of Bridelia ferruginea on Clinical Isolates

Bridelia ferruginea is commonly grown in Western Tropical Africa. The purpose of this research work is to determine the antimicrobial activities, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, elemental composition, proximate analysis and anti-nutrient composition of purified fraction of Bridelia ferruginea extracts. The organisms used for this research are Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 35659, Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 25619,and candida albican ATCC 90029. The leaf and bark were extracted using ethyl acetate as the extracting solvent. The plant extracts were partially purified using Colum chromatography method of analysis, to separate the plant extracts to different fractions and various eluting solvent namely N-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were used during Colum chromatograph. The antimicrobial activity of partially purified fractions Bridelia ferruginea were determined by agar dilution method. The result revealed that fraction of ethyl acetate extracts of Bridelia ferruginea leaf and bark eluting with N- hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were effective against some of the clinical isolates. In fraction one (f1), fraction two (f2) and fraction three (f3) of purified ethyl acetate leaf extracts, using ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as the eluting solvent. Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 35659, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were the most susceptible isolate at 6.0mm, 8.0mm and 7.0mm in 20mg/ml concentration of Bridelia ferruginea respectively. Fraction four(f4), fraction five(f5) and fraction six(f6) of purified ethyl acetate bark extracts, using ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as the eluting solvent shows that, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 35659 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, has the highest inhibition of 3.0mm in 20mg/ml concentration in ethanol elute, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 35659 has the most susceptible ratio of 6.0mm in 20mg/ml concentration in ethyl acetate elute and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 has the highest inhibition ratio of 8.0mm in 20mg/ml concentration of Bridelia ferruginea using N-hexane as the eluting solvent. The phytochemical result shows that the Bridelia ferruginea bark and leaf extracts contain the saponins, tannin, flavonoid, phenol, alkaloids and oxalate. The proximate analysis were also determined and it was observed that Bridelia ferruginea contains carbohydrate, crude protein, fat, moisture content and fibre, at appreciable quantity, Bridelia ferruginea also contain elements such as Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Copper and Manganese. Thus, Bridelia ferruginea leaf and bark possesses a lot of potential as an additional source of antimicrobial agents, to fight against and inhibits the important pathogens that has been a menace to man over the years. This plant can also be a very important ingredient in drug discovery and production.