Thermotolerant bacteria of biotechnological potential from hot springs in Eritrea

Thermophiles are excellent sources of enzymes that can withstand and carry out reactions efficiently under high temperatures. This study isolated and characterised thermotolerant bacteria that produce enzymes of potential industrial value from five hot springs in Eritrea. A total of 65 bacterial isolates were obtained from the five hot springs. Out of the 65 isolates; 19 isolates produced a positive reaction for amylases, 36 for carboxymethyl cellulases, eight for proteases, 10 for xylanases and 11 for pectinases. More than half (36 out of 65) were able to produce carboxymethyl cellulases. Six isolates which showed carboxymethyl cellulase activity were from the genus Bacillus, while those belonging to Brevibacillus were seven. BLAST analysis of the partial sequences showed that 19 out of the 24 isolates sequenced showed high similarity (> 99%) to those of reference strains of the genera Bacillus and Brevibacillus available in the Genebank and EZ-taxon databases. The five isolates (E5, G2, G8, M1 and M13) that showed moderate similarities (97.2-99%) to strains from the Genebank and EZ-taxon databases were further characterized. Physiological characterization of the five selected isolates based on tolerance to NaCl, temperature and production of hydrolytic enzymes indicated that these isolates are potentially novel. Isolates G8 and M13 showed significantly higher amylase activity (p < 0.05) than the other three isolates. Caseinase activity recorded by the five isolates was the highest (p < 0.05) compared to other enzyme activities. The enzymes produced by thermotolerant bacteria from the five hot springs may be potentially useful for catalysis under harsh operational conditions encountered in industrial processes.