TYPES, FACTORS, EFFECTS OF VIOLENCE AND COPING STRATEGIES BY WOMEN IN REHABILITATION CENTRES IN NIGERIA.

ABSTRACT

 

The study was informed by the need to examine the types, factors, consequences of violence and coping strategies by women in rehabilitation centres in Nigeria. The design was descriptive survey were a sample 75 respondents from a population of 105female in the NAPTIP rehabilitation centres in the 6 geopolitical zones. The objectives of this study were to examine the types, factors and consequences of violence against women. The study has the following research questions: what are the types of violence against women? Do age, marital status or geographical location play a role in the type of violence perpetrated against women? The violence against women questionnaire (VAWQ) instrument built on a four-point likert-type scale was used for data gathering. The results of the test re-test reliability yielded an index of 0.83. The types of violence against women examined included: Abused by the state/Government agencies, Sexual Violence, Physical Violence and Psychological Violence. 8 hypotheses were formulated and tested using t-test and chi-square analysis. Findings reveal that there is no significant difference in the types of violence against women in terms of age and marital status, there is no significant difference in the factors responsible for violence against women in terms of age but there is a significant difference in terms of marital status. There is no significant difference in the consequences of violence against women in terms of age but there is significant difference in terms of marital status, there is a significant difference in the coping strategies adopted as victims of violence in terms of age but there is significant difference in terms of marital status. The study recommends that there is the need for the government and other stakeholders to act urgently and put an end to physical violence, Rapists are supposed to be made to face the law in order to deter others, preventive counselling should be encouraged, Schools are encouraged to employ qualified counsellors and other social workers to educate young people and adults on the dangers of violating a woman in any form and the consequence of such actions on the victims. This will go a long way to dissuade parents and other perpetrators of these acts, be it deliberate or non-deliberate. More professional counsellors need to be employed and posted to various rehabilitation centres to foster quick reintegration of victims, All rehabilitation officers (with direct contact with the victims) are supposed to be trained on a skill so as to impact same on the victims on their day to day interaction so that when they are actually released into the normal world, they will be able to cope without considering any other option. Good moral instructions may also be provided to enhance young people’s outlook on morality and value which may sharpened their philosophies.

Table of Contents

TITLE PAGE ----------------------------------------------------------i

DEDICATION ---------------------------------------------------------ii

DECLARATION ------------------------------------------------------iii

CERTIFICATION ----------------------------------------------------iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --------------------------------------------v

TABLE OF CONTENTS -------------------------------------------vii

LIST OF TABLE ------------------------------------------------------ xi                                                                                

ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------------------xii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  Introduction--------------------1

1.1 Background to the Study --------------------------------11

1.2 Statement of the Problem -------------------------------12

1.3 Purpose of the Study-------------------------------------13

1.4 Research Questions--------------------------------------14

1.5 Hypotheses -----------------------------------------------15

1.6 Basic Assumptions---------------------------------------15

1.7 Delimitation of the Study--------------------------------15

1.8 Significance of the Study--------------------------------16

1.9 Operational Definition of Terms------------------------17

CHAPTER TWO

2.0                  Review of related literature----20

2.1 Introduction ----------------------------------------------20

2.2 Conceptual framework ----------------------------------20

2.2.1 Concept of Violence        ------------------------------------20

2.2.2 Self-directed violence      --------------------------------21

2.2.3 Collective violence--------------------------------------22

2.2.4 Interpersonal violence----------------------------------23

2.2.5 Violence Against Women ------------------------------24

2.2.6 History of Violence Against Women ------------------27

2.2.7 Violence Against Women in Nigeria         ------------------31

2.2.8 Physical Violence----------------------------------------32

2.2.9 Sexual Violence      ------------------------------------33

2.2.10 Psychological Violence--------------------------------33

2.2.11 Nigerian's Perceptions towards Violence against

women -------------------------------------------------37

2.2.12 Women's Response to Violence Against Women---38

2.2.13 Experience of HIV positive women        ------------------41

2.2.14 Factors Responsible for Violence Against Women-42

2.2.15 Consequences of gender-based violence on the

  Women--------------------------------------------------45

2.2.16 Violence Against Men----------------------------------47

2.3   Theoretical Framework----------------------------------50

2.3.1 Feminist Theory in Domestic Violence-----------------50

2.3.2 Patriarchal Theory --------------------------------------53

2.4 Review of Previous studies--------------------------------57

 

2.5 Summary----------------------------------------------------63

CHAPTER THREE

 

3.0     Methodology---------------------65

3.1 Introduction------------------------------------------------65

3.2 Research Design-------------------------------------------65

3.3 Population of the study -----------------------------------66

3.4 Sample size and Sampling Procedure  ------------------66

3.5 Instrumentation -------------------------------------------67

3.6 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument --------------68

3.7 Data Collection Procedure -------------------------------69

3.8 Method of Data Analysis ---------------------------------69

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ----------------------------------------------70

4.1 Introduction -----------------------------------------------70

4.2 Presentation of Data --------------------------------------70

4.3 Test of Hypotheses ----------------------------------------76

4.4 Summary of Findings--------------------------------------81

4.5 Discussion of Findings ------------------------------------82

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0   SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1Introduction------------------------------------------------86

5.2 Summary of Findings        -------------------------------------86

5.3 Conclusions ----------------------------------------------88

5.4 Recommendations------------------------------------------88

5.5 Contribution to Knowledge        -------------------------------89

5.6 Limitation of the Study------------------------------------91

5.7 Suggestion for Further Study ----------------------------91

REFERENCES         --------------------------------------------------------92

APPENDIX I-------------------------------------------------------------96

APPENDIX II-------------------------------------------------------------

APPENDIX III------------------------------------------------------------