UTILIZATION OF IODIZED SALT AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN THE DANFA COMMUNITY

ABSTRACT

Introduction -A diet low in iodine is the main cause of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Iodine deficiency is recognized as the most common preventable cause of mental defects in the world. There have been several studies across the world which indicates that iodized salt is under consumed in most households resulting in the increase of IDDs. This study therefore explored the knowledge of community members on the awareness and use of iodized salt and the effectiveness of the policies and laws on the use of iodized salt.

Methodology- It was an exploratory study using a qualitative approach. Thirty in-depth interviews and five focus group discussion were carried among community members using a semi-structured guide.

Results - The study revealed that knowledge on the availability of iodized salt was high but that did not translate into it use. The cost of iodized salt was militating against the use of it among community members. There was a perception that iodized salt were contaminated with chemicals, which can cause disease to users. Knowledge on the policies that prohibit the use of non-iodized salt was low and enforcement of the ban on the use of non-iodized salt was non-existent in this community.

Conclusion –Perception and beliefs were key determinants in the use of iodized salts. Therefore, there should be public education on the use of iodized salts to demystify local beliefs that iodized salts can cause disease. Sampling of existing salt in the market every three months by environmental health workers and analysis at the Food Laboratory will ensure that the salt contains the recommended amounts of iodine that is required in the salt. There should be inspection of iodized salt at all sites where food is provided; restaurants, hospitals, day care centers, and canteens with rapid test kits. If tests show lack of iodized in the salt, importance of iodized salt is stressed and source of the defective salt is traced. To encourage people to use iodized salt, the government should use social marketing technique to provide the salt at cheaper prices. This will make iodized salt financially accessible and encourage people to use.