Violation Of Women’s Reproductive Rights A Case Study Of Bukwo District

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APPROVAL ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS V

CHAPTER ONE I

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background to the Study 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 5

1.3 Objectives of the study

1.3.1 General objective 5

1.3.2 Specific objectives 6

1.4 Scope of the study 6

1.5 Justification for the Study 6

1.6 Significance of the study

1.7 Conceptual framework 8

1.8 Definition of Key terms 9

CHAPTER TWO 11

REVIEW OF LITERATURE 11

2.0 Introduction

2.1 The relevant human rights instruments to women’s reproductive rights 11

2.1 .1 International Instruments 11

2.1.2 Laws in other countries (Outside Africa) 15

2.1.3 Laws in African countries on FGM 17

2.1.4 Ugandan Constitutional provisions on FGM 18

2.2 Reasons for carrying out FGM practice 20

2.3 The challenges faced in the implementation of human rights instruments to women’s

reproductive rights 22

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2.3.1 Women’s low social status .22

2.3.2 Resistance at the community level 23

2.3.3 Influence of strong cultures and traditions 23

2.3.4 Vulnerability of Minority Groups 24

2.3.5 Weak enforcement mechanism 24

2.3.6 General denial of reproductive health care 25

CHAPTER THREE 26

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 26

3.0 Introduction 26

3.1 Research design 26

3.2 The Study Area 26

3.2.1 Population of the study 27

3.3 Sample selection methods and size 27

3.3.1 Selection of communities 27

3.3.2 Selection of respondents 27

3.4 Research Instruments 27

3.4.1 Research~admifli5tered Questionnaires 28

3.4.2 Interview Guides 28

3.4.3 Focus group discussion guide 28

3.4.4 Written documents 28

3.5 Data analysis 28

3.5.1 Quantitative data analysis 28

3.5.2 Qualitative data analysis 29

3.6Ethical considerations 29

CHAPTER FOUR 30

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 30

4.1 Introduction 30

4.2 Respondents’ socio-economic background 30

4.3 The relevant human rights instrunients to women’s reproductive rights 36

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4.4 The Status and Reasons for Carrying Out FGM 41

4.5 Reasons for carrying out FGM and the benefits thereof 47

4.6 Social status of the uncircumcised women 49

4.7 The dangers associated with the practice of FGM 49

4.8 Challenges of Human Rights Instruments to Women’s Reproductive Rights 52

4.9 Possible solutions to the challenges constraining efforts to eliminate FGM practice 58

4.10 Towards a Human Rights-Based Approach to Reproductive Health 61

CHAPTER FIVE 64

SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDING, RECOMMENDATIONS AND

CONCLUSIONS 64

5.1 Introduction 64

5.2 Recommendations 64

5.2.1 To the Government 64

5.2.2 Local CommunitY 65

5.2.3 Civil Society Organizations 65

5.2.4 Internal Community 66

5.2.5 General Recommendations 66

5.2.6 Areas for future research 67

5.3 Summary 67

5.3.1 The status and reasons for caffying out FGM practice among the Sabiny 67

5.3.2 The relevant human rights instruments to women’s reproductive rights 68

5.3.3 Challenges of implementation 69

5.4 Conclusions 70

5.4.1 The relevant human rights instruments to women’s reproductive rights 70

5.4.2. Challenges of implementation 70

REFERENCES 71

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE TOPIC: VIOLATION OF

WOMEN’SREPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS: A CASE OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

INBUKWO DISTRICT 74