Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (Vmmc) Uptake and Determinants among Youth in Bushenyi Town

ABSTRACT 

The study was aimed at assessing the coverage and factors influencing uptake and determinants of voluntary medical male circumcision among the Youth of Bushenyi Town. The study was guided by three objectives i.e. to determine prevalence of male circumcision among the Youth of Bushenyi Town., to identify the factors to uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision among the Youth of Bushenyi Town and to establish the proportion of HIUV/AIDS among the circumcised youth in Bushenyi town. A cross-sectional research design was used for this study; the researcher studied 113 respondents, simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants of the study; Questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. Data was also analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 i.e. to generate frequency distributions and cross tabulation analysis that aided in discussion of the findings. The study found out the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the youth of Bushenyi town was at 9.7%; most of the youth in Bushenyi town were not yet circumcised; however, a significant percentage of 45.1% were circumcised. Factors for circumcision among the youth in Bushenyi were to protect from HIV/AIDS; to protect all STIs; cultural/ religion requirement; to maintain cleanliness; and due to peer influence. Most of the youth in Bushenyi agreed that being circumcised could give a person some protection against sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. Finally, the study established that most of the respondents (42.5%) agreed that being circumcised could give a person some protection against sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS and hence reduce the prevalence of HIV infection; the study also statistically found out that among the HIV/AIDS positive youth in Bushenyi town, only 18% were circumcised and 82% were not circumcised. This meant that the circumcised youth in Bushenyi town had lower chances of getting HIV/AIDS infection as compared to the uncircumcised youth. Basing on the study findings, the researcher recommended that Male circumcision should recognized as an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention and therefore strategies of promoting male circumcision should be recognized and fore fronted by the Health workers x through the District Health officer’s office as an additional and important strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS infection.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................i

LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................iv

DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................v

APPROVAL..........................................................................................................................vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS............................................................ vii

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS...................................................................................... viii

ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................ix

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................1

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1

1.1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................2

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT..............................................................................................4

1.3 STUDY OBJECTIVES....................................................................................................5

1.3.1 BROAD OBJECTIVE ..................................................................................................5

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................5

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS..............................................................................................5

1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY ...............................................................................5

1.6 STUDY SCOPE...............................................................................................................6

1.6.1 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE ..........................................................................................6

1.6.2 CONTENT SCOPE.......................................................................................................6

1.6.3 TIME SCOPE ...............................................................................................................6

1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................8

2.0. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................8

2.1. PREVALENCE OF MALE CIRCUMCISION ..............................................................8

2.2. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE UPTAKE OF VOLUNTARY MALE CIRCUMCISION......................................................9

2.3 THE PREVALENCE OF HIV/AIDS INFECTION AMONG THE CIRCUMCISED YOUTH...........................................................10

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ............................................................................12

3.0. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................12

3.1. STUDY DESIGN..........................................................................................................12

3.2. STUDY POPULATION ...............................................................................................12

3.2.1 INCLUSION CRITERIA............................................................................................12

2.2. EXCLUSION CRITERIA.............................................................................................12

3.3. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION ...........................................................................12

3.4. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE ..........................................................................................12

3.5 DATA COLLECTION METHOD ................................................................................13

3.6 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS AND PROCEDURE ..................................................13

3.7. QUALITY CONTROL.................................................................................................13

3.8 DATA ANALYSIS........................................................................................................13

3.9 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS...................................................................................13

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION .14

4.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................14

4.1 Background Information ................................................................................................14

4.2 The prevalence of male circumcision among the Youth of Bushenyi Town.................15

4.2.1 The proportion of circumcised youth in Bushenyi town.............................................15

4.3 The factors to uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision among the Youth of Bushenyi Town .......................................15

4.4 Proportion of HIV/AIDS among the circumcised youth in Bushenyi town ..................16

4.4.1 Respondents tested for HIV/AIDS..............................................................................16

4.4.2 Proportion of youth with HIV/AIDS in Bushenyi town .............................................16

4.4.3 The prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the circumcised youth in Bushenyi town........16

4.4.3 Do you think being circumcised can give a person some protection against HIV/AIDS? ..................................................................17

CHAPTER FIVE..................................................................................................................18

DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..18

5.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................18

5.1 Discussion of the study findings....................................................................................18

5.1.1 The prevalence of male circumcision among the Youth of Bushenyi Town..............18

5.1.2 The factors to uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision among the Youth of Bushenyi Town ..............................................18

5.1.3 The prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the circumcised youth in Bushenyi town........19

5.2 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................20

5.3 Recommendations..........................................................................................................20

5.4 Areas for further studies.................................................................................................21

REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................22

APPENDIX ONE: CONSENT FORM................................................................................27

APPENDIX FOUR: BUDGET............................................................................................32

APPENDIX FIVE: MAP OF UGANDA SHOWING THE VARIOUS DISTRICTS ........33

APPENDIX SIX: POLITICAL MAP OF BUSHENYI DISTRICT....................................34

APPENDIX SEVEN: TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP OF BUSHENYI (RED STAR) WITH ITS NEIGHBOURS....................................................35

APPPPENDIX EIGHT (a): COUNTRIES HIV PREVALENCES AGAINST MEDICAL MALE CIRCUMCISION UPTAKE..........................................................36

APPENDIX EIGHT (b): GLOBAL MALE CIRCUMCISION BY COUNTRY................36