Youth Employment and Peace Building in Galkayo District, Somalia

ABSTRACT 

The study sought to establish the relationship between the relationship between youth employment opportunities and peace building among in Galkayo district Somalia. The study was guided by four specific objectives and these included: to establish the relationship between youth employment creation and peace building in Galkayo district Somalia; to examine the influence of youth skills development on peace building in Galkayo District Somalia; to investigate the influence of youth employment info1mation accessibility influence on peace building in Galkayo district Somalia; and to establish challenges facing youth employment opportunity Creation in Galkayo District Somalia. The study employed a descriptive correlation design. It was based on the variables of study which were quantified into numerical data to explain, predict and control phenomena of study . The research population was 399 from which 200 respondents were selected through Slovene's formula for sample size determination and the selection was done through systematic sampling technique. The data collection tools included questionnaires and interviews. The validity and reliability of the research instruments was determined through content validity index and test and retest. Frequency counts and percentages were used to describe socio-demographic characteristics of respondents; mean ranges and standard deviations were used to measure the study variables; and Pearson correlation and regression coefficients were used to establish the association between the study variables. The study found out that there is positive and significai1t relationship between youth employment creation and peace building in Galkayo distiict (P value .214; Sig. 0.000: youth skills training and peace building in Galkayo (P value of 0.399 Sig. 0.000) and youth employment infonnation accessibility and peace building in Galkayo distiict (P value of 0.380 Sig. 0.000). The researcher concluded that there is close association between improvements in youth employment creation; youth skills training and employment infommtion accessibility will lead to success in peace building in Galkayo disti•ict. From the findings, the following recommendations were made; joint youth council at the entire district should be fonned in Galgayo to try to forge some unity among different clan members; effective and appealing disam1ainent package should be established by the government of Somalia in collaboration with other interested organizations in peace making; market oriented vocational and technical training skills should be freely established for youth who had dropped out of school; free education should be offered to youth to discourage school going age from dropping out of school; the government should mobilize clan leaders to appoint a committee and establish a platfom1 for discussing peace building approaches ai1d reconciliation procedures; and the government ai1cl NGOs operation in the district should look for ways of connecting skilful youth to organizations and companies for job oppo1tunities. This approach could significantly increase the number of working youth and introduce other programs that can keep youth relatively busy in income generating activities rather than engaging themselves in actions that can destabilize communities.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................................... ii

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................................ iii

DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................................... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................ v

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF TABLES/ FIGURES ............................................................................................................... xi

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................... xii

CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. I

1.0 Inh·oduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

I. !Background of the Study ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Historical Perspective ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.2 Theoretical Perspective .................................................................................................................... 3

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective .................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 .4 Contextual Perspective .................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................................... 7

1.3 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................................................... 7

1.4 Specific Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 8

1.5 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................. 8

1.6 Null Hypothesis .................................................................................................................................. 8

1.7 The Scope of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 9

1.7.1 Geographical scope ......................................................................................................................... 9

1. 7. 2 Content scope .................................................................................................................................. 9

1. 7.3 Theoretical Scope ............................................................................................................................ 9

1. 7.4 Time Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 9

1.8 Significance of the Study .................................................................................................................... 9

1.9 Operational Definitions of Key Tenns ............................................................................................. 10

CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................................. 12

LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................... 12

2.0. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 12

2.1 Theoretical Review ........................................................................................................................... 12

2.2 Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................................................... 13

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................................ 13

2.3 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................. 14

2.3.1 Employment Creation and Peace Building .................................................................................... 14

2.3.2 Skills Development and Peace Building ....................................................................................... 15

2.3.3 Employment Infommtion Accessibility and Peace Building ........................................................ 18

2.3.4 Challenges in Creating Youth Employment Oppmiunities ........................................................... 20

2.4 Related Studies ................................................................................................................................. 21

2.5 Research gaps ................................................................................................................................... 23

CHAPTER THREE .............................................................................................................................. 25

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 25

3 .0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 25

3 .1 Research Design ............................................................................................................................... 25

3 .2 Research Population ......................................................................................................................... 25

3.3 Sample Size ...................................................................................................................................... 25

Table 3.1: Population and Sample size ................................................................................................... 26

3.4 Sampling Procedure .......................................................................................................................... 26

3.5 Sources of Data ................................................................................................................................. 27

3.5.1 Primary Source of Data ................................................................................................................. 27

3 .5 .1.1 Questionnaires ............................................................................................................................ 2 7

3.5.1.2 Interview Guide .......................................................................................................................... 28

3.5.2 Secondary Source Data .................................................................................................................. 28

3.6 Validity and Reliability of the Instruments ...................................................................................... 28

Table 3.2: Determination of Validity of Instrument.. ............................................................................. 29

Table 3.3: Results of Reliability Test ..................................................................................................... 29

3. 7 Data Gathering Procedures ............................................................................................................... 3 0

3.8 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 31

3. 9 Ethical Considerations ...................................................................................................................... 3 1

CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................ 32

RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS ............................................. 33

4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... , ................................................ 33

4.2 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents .................................................................................. 33

Table 4.1: Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents ............................................................ 33

4.2 Objective 1: Youth Employment Creation and Peace Building in Galkayo district Somalia .......... 35

Table 4.2: Correlation between Youth Employment Creation and Peace Building in Galkayo District ............................................. 35

4.3 Objective 2: Youth Skills Development and Peace Building in Galkayo district Somalia .............. 36

Table 4.3: Correlation between Youth Skills Development and Peace Building Galkayo District ........................................... 37

4.4 Objective 3: Youth Employment Info1mation Accessibility and Peace Building in Galkayo distt-ict Somalia ............................................. 38

Table 4.4: Correlation between Youth Employment Infonnation Accessibility and Peace Building Galkayo District.. ................................ 39

Table 4.5: Model Summary .................................................................................................................... 41

Table 4.7: Regression Coefficient between Youth Employment Oppo1tunities and Peace Buildings in Galkayo District .................................. 41

Table 4.8: Summary on the Decisions Taken on Research Hypothesis ................................................. 42

Table 4.9: Challenges facing Youth employment opportunity Creation in Galkayo ............................. 44

CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................................................. 45

DISCUSSIONS, CONLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................... 45

5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 45

5.2 Discussions of the Key Findings ...................................................................................................... 45

5.2.1 Relationship between youth employment creation and peace building in Galkayo district Somalia ................................................... 45

5.2.2 Relationship between youth skills training and peace building in Galkayo district Somalia ....................................... 46

5.2.3 Youth employment infonnation accessibility and peace building in Galkayo District Somali ...................................... 48

5.2.3 Challenges Facing Youth employment Opportunity Creation in Galkayo District Somali .......... 49

5.3 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................... 50

5.4 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 51

5.4 Areas for Further Research ............................................................................................................... 52

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 53

APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................ 56

APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RESPONDENTS .................................................................. 56

APPENDIX II: INTERVIEW GUIDE ................................................................................................... 60