AbstractPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish the association between smallholder farmer perceptionstoward climate change and adaptation strategies at the household level in Chimanimani District of Zimbabwe.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 284 households mainly using a structuredquestionnaire. The Heckman probit selection model was used to first identify the underlying socio-economicfactors that affect households’ recognition of climate change in the ...