ABSTRACT The Mass and Energy Balance requirements for the production of potable water quality starting from sea water are presented. On the basis of economics of the process, a twenty (20) stage flash (MSF) plant analysis is presented for the production of 1,500m3 of potable water from sea water as required. The overall analysis seems attractive. The design of the nine pre treatment units and product storage tank are also presented. The quantitative block diagram as presented shows the m...
Environmental pollution is a form of land degradation which has contributed immensely to the reduction of available arable lands and could lead to the total annihilation of the ecosystem if not effectively mitigated. Bioremediation technology offers a biological means which provide an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for soil remediation in contrast to physicochemical methods. This study aims to evaluate the application of wastewaters and air-injection for the treatment of crude oil c...
The prevalence and high rate of soil contamination have contributed immensely to the reduction of arable lands which might lead to the total annihilation of the ecosystem if not mitigated. Bioremediation employs microorganisms that offer a sustainable approach for the remediation of contaminated soils. This study focus on the evaluation of industrial (brewery) and municipal effluents for the treatment of crude oil-contaminated soil. A microcosm containing 1kg of crude oil-contaminated soil wa...
Table of Contents Introduction General History Major Applications Prosperities PVDF Raw Material Production Processing Membranes Applications of PVDF PVDF Membrane Economics Market and Future Safety and environmental concerns References
ABSTRACT Mature and ripe cashew fruits were harvested, washed and the apples separated from the nuts. The apples were crushed and the juice extracted, sieved and treated with potassium metabisulphite, to check the activities of undesireable microorganisms, before fermentation. A 3-spatula full of true wine yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus, was rehydrated and inoculated into a 2.5-liter part of the juice and allowed for 5 days in a room temperature of 32.50C to ferment. After...
Azeotropic distillation of ethanol-water mixture is accomplished by adding a volatile third component to the liquid which changes the volatility of one of the two components more than the other so the components are separated by distillation. The two components to be separated often have similar boiling point components which do or do not azeotrope in the binary mixture, but sometimes there are components which do azeotrope despite having vastly different boiling points. It is likely that in ...
Abstract The CO2–hydrocarbons systems is common in oil and gas industry as a geological fluid. CO2 plays a vital role in biological processes namely photosynthesis, respiration, and actively participates in the carbon cycle. However, the time gradient of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has become a major global concern. The environmental challenges associated with the control and management of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have been the focal point of soci...
This project study was aimed at designing, fabricating, and evaluating the performance of a double effect evaporator, which was used to evaporate sugar syrup to be used for students’ demonstration. During the course of the study, the methods that were used comprised of the material balances, energy balances, and determination of the component parts of the evaporator. The results from the study included the overall material in the evaporator’s system, the material balance for each effect, ...
ABSTRACT Oil obtained from orange peels and velvet tamarind nut by solvent extraction (n-hexane and acetone) using the soxhlet extractor were investigated as feedstock’s to determine some of the suitable parameters such as iodine value, saponification value, specific gravity, density, acid value and free fatty acid value, and their percentage yield that are suitable for biodiesel production. The density of orange and tamarind oil were found to be 0.9326g/cm3 and 0.8541g/cm3 respectively, th...
ABSTRACT Circular economy requires sustainable supply of raw materials to industries. Social and economic networks are needed in order to develop circular economies that would drive value chains in renewable resource processing from wastewater into renewable bioplastic products. Current plastic is non-biodegraded which can cause harm to our environment. A pilot scale investigation was carried-out so as to evaluate the feasibility of producing value-added bioplastic from wastewater treatme...
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This work presents the design of a plant that will produce 250000kg/yr of lindane from benzene, chlorine and water at high temperature and pressure using direct chlorination method. The feeds are sent into a chlorinator, the crude product from the chlorinator is continuously decanted into a decanter and the bottom product HCl i...
This research presents the effect of lye on the kinetics and quality of local soaps. To achieve this, 40ml of 10 percent lye (palm bunch, coconut shell and synthetic sodium hydroxide) reacted with 60ml of oil (palm oil and palm kernel oil) in a batch system, under conditions as, constant temperature (50 degree celcius) and constant stirring (100 rpm). Variation in saponification value and free fatty acid was monitored with time, that is, at intervals of 2mins. It was noticed that as time incr...
Quality control is a checking test to monitor and ensure the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is at optimum efficiency. The tests are usually carried out on samples collected from specific points or stations in the WWTP. The Influent sample, is collected after the fine screens. Aeration basin sludge, iscollected from the point of overflow of the aeration basin, before it is sent to the clarifier. Return Activated Sludge (RAS) sample, is collected from the sludge pumping station. Waste Ac...
Wastewater is made up largely of organic carbon, either in solution or as particulate matter. About 60% is in particulate form, consisting of proteins, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrate, fats and fatty acids. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) prevent potential waterborne disease outbreak. This is achieved by the active use of mechanical process and biological process of the treatment plant to treat and convert wastewater into clear effluent that meets specific standard. The effluent water...
The drying and particle size characterization of Danta (Nesogordonia papavereria) and HardCross (Vitex doniana) hardwood sawdusts were investigated at temperatures 80 ºC, 90 ºC and105 ℃. The experimental drying data were modeled using eighteen existing drying models.The results showed that the modified Henderson and Pabis model offered the best fit to thedrying curves of Danta and Hard Cross sawdusts. The experimental data obtained from theparticle size distribution of both the samples we...