ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that can asymptomatically colonize a woman’s vagina and up to 31% of pregnant women are colonized worldwide. Furthermore, vaginal colonization with E. coli is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and stillbirth. It is also associated with neonatal sepsis or meningitis when transmitted to the foetus through amniotic fluid or to the neonate during delivery. To date in Namibia data on the colonization a...
Abstract Leaching and speciation of heavy metals in stabilized gold mine tailings were investigated by using leaching tests and leaching model (Visual MINTEQ 3.1®) respectively. Results indicate that the Stabilized/Solidified (S/S) tailings has high acid neutralizing capacity, which is dependent on binder content used. The dissolution of alkaline metals and oxyanions (such as SO4 2-, HCO3 2-) raises both the pH and electric conductivity of the leachant and, in-turn, affects leaching of the ...
Abstract This paper presents results of the investigation of Chromium III removal from tannery wastewater using groundnut shells under laboratory scale batch experiments. The effects of pH, contact time, particle size and dosage of the adsorbent on the adsorption of Cr (III) were studied. Determination of Chromium ion concentration in the wastewater was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results show that removal mechanism is dominantly adsorption, which is dependent of th...
Abstract The impacts of teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections among the youth such as dropout from school, long term effects and death is felt by most people worldwide. As a result of this, teenagers are in need of information regarding sexuality and safer sex to enable them to protect themselves against HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections and to prevent unintended pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe knowledge, atti...
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to analyse the Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters, evaluate the performance of domestic sewage ponds at the Accra sewage treatment plant at Legon. The aim is to assess the suitability of the final effluent for irrigation and the quality of sludge for agriculture use. A total of 36 wastewater samples and forty-eighty (48) sludge samples were therefore taken for six (6) consecutive months from the sedimentation tank (inlet) and maturation po...
ABSTRACT A significant proportion of people in semi-arid regions depend on climate variables and agroecosystem services to sustain their livelihoods. These livelihoods are threatened by the deterioration of agroecosystem services and climate variability. Recently, many communities exhibit low levels of adaptive capacity due to maladaptation and the lack of understanding of the patterns of vulnerabilities. This study examined the scope and nature of vulnerability and adaptation strategies of s...
ABSTRACT Forests are considered to be a strategic resource for national development and have great importance on a nation’s environment. Despite increasing concern over the loss of tropical forests and the significant local and international efforts to find solutions to the problems, the rate of deforestation in the tropics continues to increase. Though Ghana’s timber export is the fourth largest industry after gold, tourism and cocoa, her primary rain forest has reduced drastically over...
ABSTRACT Coastal zones are considered as one of the productive zones of the world. With diverse ecosystems, they provide humankind with immense ecological services. However, coastal aquatic ecosystems have been increasingly threatened as a result of population growth and increased rate of economic development. To address this issue, there is the need to reshape attitude and practices in the current rate of development, for the mutual benefit of aquatic ecosystems and human societies. This st...
SUMMARY We present a joint analysis of newly acquired gravity and teleseismic data in the North Tanzanian Divergence, where the lithospheric break-up is at its earliest stage. The impact of a mantle upwelling in more mature branches of the East African Rift has been extensively studied at a lithospheric scale. However, few studies have been completed that relate the deep-seated mantle anomaly detected in broad regional seismic tomography with the surface deformation observed in the thick Arc...
Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is among the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide and women living with HIV are at increased risk, especially in a resource-limited environment. Objective: This study aimed to determine levels of awareness, knowledge, uptake, and willingness to screen for cervical cancer among women receiving care in an HIV clinic at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital (DRRH), Tanzania. Methods: Data were collected for a period of three weeks from July 21 to August 11...
ABSTRACT Bushmeat is an important source of household (HH) food and income in western Serengeti although information on the frequency of consumption and income earned is unknown due to the illegal nature of the activity. This study was intended to determine the contribution of bushmeat to HHs and factors influencing bushmeat dependence. The study was conducted in three villages (Robanda, Rwamkoma and Kowak) selected purposely based on distances from the western boundary of Serengeti National...
Abstract Dodoma city, central Tanzania, seats in a semi-arid region of East Africa with limited rains and surface water resources. Consequently, the area largely depends on shallow and deep aquifers for its freshwater needs. Owing to harsh climatic conditions, chronic lack of year-round surface water bodies and, limited development of water distribution infrastructures, over year’s local people have nurtured, developed and, passed on important indigenous knowledge (IK) on exploiting and man...
Abstract Background: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare renal tumor that arises as a complication of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis of uncertain etiology. It is primarily an adult tumor seen occasionally in children associated with urinary tract obstruction due to congenital urological anomalies, nephrolithiasis, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Radiologically, it may show neoplastic features such as those seen in common pediatric renal malignancies like wilms’ tu...
Abstract Introduction and Background: From Everett Rogers‟ theory of Diffusion of Innovations (DoI) and Yrjö Engeström‟s Activity Systems Model (ASM), this thesis attempts to create models of South African Primary Care doctors‟ Internet usage, with a view to improving the delivery of Primary Care in South Africa. It identifies the problems associated with the South African Primary Care doctors‟ access to information, communication with colleagues, communication with patients, the pa...
ABSTRACT Globally, chemical fertilizers cause serious environmental pollution and health hazards. Studies have shown that compost, a product of biodegradable organic matter, is not popular among Nigerian farmers because of its low quality. Improving compost quality is a challenge and supplementing it with natural fortifiers may be safer than opting for chemical fertilizers. This study was therefore designed to explore the effect of nutrient-rich alternatives on quality of compost made from ma...