ABSTRACT In many societies menstruation is not openly discussed in some families, school and communities leading to a very big gap in knowledge about menstruation and menstrual problems. This gap equally poses problems on issues about menstrual hygiene, menstrual problems and management of those problems. In addition to inadequate information, girls need access to hygienic absorbent sanitary products, water, good toilets that ensure privacy and disposal facilities which can in the long run, p...
ABSTRACT Worldwide it is estimated that 303,000 of maternal deaths occurred in 2015.It is also estimated that in Somalia the maternal mortality rate is 669 deaths per 100,000 live births. Infect one out every 12 women dies due to pregnancy-related issues and one every nine Somali children dies before one year. Antenatal care attendance at four times in Somalia is 24 %. Seventy nine percent of women deliver at home, and twenty-four percent of them delivery with skilled assistance .The major co...
ABSTRACT This cross sectional study was carried out between August and December 2015 in order to determine the presence of Mycobacterial infections in slaughter cattle and assess the occurrence of Mycobacteria in the slaughter facility environment in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania. A total of 3817 slaughter cattle were examined tuberculous like lesions in lymph nodes, lungs and other visceral organs. Tissues with suspect lesions were collected for laboratory analysis. Effluent samples in the s...
ABSTRACT Fish forms an integral part of human diet in Tanzania being rich in protein and Omega 3 fatty acids (ω-3FAs) which are important for growth and proper functioning of human body. The amount of ω-3FAs and performance of tilapia (O. niloticus), the most cultured and consumed fish in Tanzania reported to be low due to inadequate of quality feeds. This study was conducted to compare the effect of three substrates on yield and composition of housefly maggots (HFM); assessed growth perfor...
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh Indian mackerel fish (IMF) in Unguja Island. A total of 400 fish samples of IMF were collected from three landing sites Malindi, Mangapwani and Mkokotoni. From each fish two samples were collected namely fish skin swab and fish tissue (muscle). The primary culture were obtained from Mannitol salt agar, Nutrient and Blood agar followed by Gram staining, Catalase...
ABSTRACT Fungal diseases are prevalent in fish and have the potential of limiting productivity in aquaculture. This study aimed to isolate and determine fungal infections in hatchery with female Rufiji tilapia and their hybrids of male Rufiji tilapia and female Nile tilapia. An experimental study design was conducted to determine the occurrence of fungal infections and to characterize the isolates of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Fish samples were randomly collected from the hatch...
ABSTRACT Fishing is one of the main economic activities in Zanzibar. A few fish dealers are transforming this sector into mariculture. Among farmed fish is milkfish. Diseases are among the most important limitations in development of mariculture. Among others, vibriosis, a zoonotic disease of fish caused by bacteria from the genus Vibrio, is reported to cause significant losses in the industry. This study aimed at establishing the occurrence of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus ...
ABSTRACT Injections are one of the most common health care procedures, with some 16 billion injections administered world-wide each year. Most injections (90% to 95%) are given for therapeutic purposes, and only 5% to 10% are given for immunization. (Immunization essentials, a practical field guide. 2003) Among other things, injection safety assessment includes; Competence of the staff on injection practice, the availability of injection equipment, logistics and supplies, Injection waste disp...
ABSTRACT National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) aims to ensure that every Nigerian has access to good health care services at affordable costs. Inspite of the NHIS benefits, poor utilisation rate has been documented in previous studies and out-of-pocket means of payment still remain high. This study was therefore designed to investigate the experiences, level of satisfaction and attitude towards NHIS among Non-Teaching Staff (NTS) of College of Medicine, University of Ibadan (CoMUI), Ibadan...
Abstract Background Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries in Ghana. The purpose of this study is to estimate the social costs of motorcycle accidents in the Bolgatanga Municipality.. Method The study was a retrospective cross-sectional cost study. Data on direct, indirect and intangible costs were obtained from patients and their families using a structured questionnaire. The costs are calculated from the social perspective which includes out-of-pocket e...