ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is the leading overall cause otf nosocomial infections with increasing resistance to β lactam antibiotics. This study was carried out to study the current resistant/susceptibility pattern of S. aureus to β lactam antibiotics and prevalence of Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in the studied population. Clinical isolates of S. aureus strains were collected from Medical Microbiology Unit of University College Hospital, Ibadan between May and October, 2012. ...
Abstract Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmaceutical and microbial qualities of 21 different (of various dosage forms) Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPs) sourced from some traditional medicine sales outlets and retail pharmacy outlets in south western Nigeria. Method: The pharmaceutical qualities evaluated include tablet crushing strength, friability, disintegration time; density of the solutions and suspensions; particle size and angle of repose of the powders. ...
a b s t r a c t Cissus gum has been employed as polymer with sodium alginate in the formulation of diclofenac microbeads and the in vivo mucoprotective properties of the polymer in anti-inflammatory therapy assessed in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema in comparison to diclofenac powder and commercial diclofenac tablet. A full 23 factorial experimental design has been used to investigate the influence of concentration of cissus gum (X1); concentration of calcium acetate (X2) and stirrin...
ABSTRACT Starches from four Dioscorea species namely Dioscorea dumetorum (bitter yam), D. oppositifolia (Chinese yam), D. alata (water yam) and D. rotundata (white yam) have been evaluated as disintegrants in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations in comparison with official corn starch. The mechanical and drug release properties of the tablets were assessed. The results showed that the ranking of the effectiveness of the starches as intragranular disintegrant was water > white > corn > Ch...
ABSTRACT Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are designed to prolong drug retention, thus offering advantages over conventional dosages through reduced dosage regimen and improved patient compliance. Natural polymers have gained importance over synthetic materials as excipients in such systems because they are less expensive, biocompatible and biodegradable. Entandophragma angolense gum (ENTA) is used in traditional medicine as a febrifuge, but its excipient properties have not been exploited...
ABSTRACT Malaria is one of the most devastating parasitic diseases in the world and remains a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. First-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria includes the use of artesunate and amodiaquine. However, the existence of counterfeit and substandard artesunate and amodiaquine in the market may lead to therapeutic failures or development of resistance when consumed. The aim of the study was to examine the pharmaceutical equivalence of different brand...
ABSTRACT The growing popularity of direct-compression process necessitates an ideal filler–binder that can substitute two or more excipients. Pregelatinization of starches significantly improves swelling and flow properties but produces tablets with low mechanical strength. When used as a binder in many tablet formulations, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) imparts mechanical strength but because of its poor flow during high speed tablet manufacturing, granulation of HPMC-based formul...
Abstract Starches obtained from four Dioscorea species namely Dioscorea dumetorum (Bitter), Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese), Dioscorea alata (Water), and Dioscorea rotundata (White) have been evaluated as binding agents in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations in comparison with official corn starch. The compressional properties of the formulations were analyzed using density measurements and the Heckel and Kawakita equations. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed usin...
Abstract This paper conducted an evaluation of repellent effect of neem seed oil formulated in a vanishing type cream base against Anopheles gambiae mosquito under laboratory conditions using human volunteers. The seed oil was extracted and then prepared in five different concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% w /w respectively in a vanishing cream base. A commercially available repellent Deet was used as control. The result shows that concentrations 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% w /w and D...
ABSTRACT Chlorhexidine gluconate(CHG) is a popular disinfectant/antiseptic which is often formulated with additives. We investigated the effect of additives type on the in vitro bactericidal kinetics of CHG in three commercially available formulations: Hibiscrub®, Savlon® and Purit® commonly used as household and hospital disinfectants/antiseptics. The bactericidal kinetics of the products was determined by time-survival curve method using Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6750 and Staphylococc...
ABSTRACT The pharmaceutical quality of randomly selected brands of metformin tablets used (prescribed or dispensed) by Community Pharmacists and Doctors in Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria, were evaluated. Eight brands were randomly procured from community pharmacies after administering a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to 100 Pharmacists and 15 Physicians across different local government areas in Ogun state, South Western part of Nigeria. The physicochemical properties of the diff...
ABSTRACT Background: Substances extracted from lichens have previously been reported to possess antimicrobial activities against various groups of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Due to the high abundance of Parmelia perlata in the Eastern parts of Nigeria, we decided to explore whether it possesses antiviral activity against some common animal and human viruses. Methodology: The dried and powdered lichen was extracted with acetone, water and 4% (v/v) NaOH (to yield a crude polysaccharide fracti...
Abstract Objective; The quantitative effects of formulation and processing variables affecting the binding properties of Chinese yam starch ( Dioscorea oppositifolia) in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations have been investigated in comparison with com starch using a 23 factorial experimental design. Methods: Chinese yam starch, representing the "low " level, and com starch, representing the "high" level were used as binders at concentrations of 2. 5 % w /w and 10 % w /w in chloroquine ...
ABSTRACT Tropical starches from Dioscorea dumetorum (bitter) and Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese) yams were acetylated with acetic anhydride in pyridine medium and utilized as polymers for the delivery of repaglinide inmicrosphere formulations incomparisonto ethyl cellulose.Acetylatedstarches of bitter andChinese yams with degrees of substitution of 2.56 and 2.70 respectively were obtained. Acetylation was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy. A 32 factorial experimental design was perform...
Abstract Ever since the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) was diagnosed in Wuhan, China circa December 2019, the amount of and deaths has been increasing exponentially worldwide. As of February 14, 2021, the number of patients globally has risen to 109 million, with over 2.4 million deaths. We have been fighting the virus for more than a year now, and it is blatantly evident that there is widespread distrust with vaccines and monopolies of global pharmac...