Abstract Improvements in the benefit of CT have been so dramatic that a tendency exists to the overuse. CT is a diagnostic imaging modality giving higher patient dose in comparison with other radiological procedures. While the benefits of CT exceed the harmful effects of radiation exposure in patients, increasing radiation doses to the population have raised. The main objective of this work was to find an optimization approach to minimize the radiation dose to adult patients undergoing CT ex...
Abstract This study evaluate 27 X-ray units worked in the Primary Health Care Centers in Khartoum State, these units divided in three groups according to the manufacturing company, the first group acts as 66.7% of units under study it has mechanical problems which make the move of unit too difficult also there is a problem in kilovolt and time accuracy .The second group acts as 22.2% of all units which has programming and software problem. The third one acts as 11.1% of all units which has n...
Abstract Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique which produces a digital topographic image from diagnostic x-ray. It always considered a “high dose” technique, there is growing realization that image quality in CT often exceeds the level needed for confident diagnosis and that patient doses are higher than necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of radiation dose received by the patients during brain and abdomen CT examination. In this study, a total of 128 a...
ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to evaluate the radioprotective effects of Gongronema latifolio (GL) leaf extract on a whole-body irradiated wistar albino rats. A prospective experimental and cross-sectional design was adopted for this study and it included a control group and experimental group. Part of the control group (normal control NC) was not irradiated neither was it administered with GL extract but the other part (experimental control EC) was only exposed to graded radiation ...
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize stroke lesions and normal brain tissue in computed tomography (CT) images of Nigerian patients using statistical texture descriptors, and to identify the class of texture descriptor that is most suitable for computer-aided diagnosis of stroke. Non-contrast CT images of 164 stroke patients were obtained in contiguous slices from the base of the skull to the vertex from two private radiodiagnostic centres. Initially, two experienced radiologis...
High doses of ionizing radiation can lead to adverse health outcomes such as cancer induction in humans. Although the consequences are less evident at very low radiation doses, the associated risks are of societal importance. This study aimed to evaluate entrance skin doses (ESDs) in the periodical DentalX-rayexaminations. The entrance skin dose (ESD) was measured for 200patient in both gender underwent dental X-ray examination at Radiology Department of Khartoum Dental Educational Hos...
The purpose of this research was designed to study theresponsesof hearing or distortion product otooacoustic emissions amplitude(DPI) for normal hearing of Iraqi and Sudanese using Distortion product Otoacoustic Emissions and to study the influence of the age, ear side, gender and racial on theresponsesof hearing for normal hearing of Iraqi and Sudanese subjects and comparison between them. An additional purpose of this study was proposal model Linear and nonlinear Equations to evaluat...
ABSTRACT This study presents the significant increase in skin dose caused by the presence of thermoplastic immobilizing masks used for positioning and immobilization of patients during cancer treatments in the head and neck region. Made from organic materials, thermoplastics become soft and pliable when heated and forms a rigid replication of the patient’s anatomy as it cools down. The use of the mask plays a key role in achieving the therapeutic aim in head and neck treatments but can as ...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the variation (or dependence) of the timer error as a function of the teletherapy treatment parameters such as treatment field size (FS) and treatment depth (d) for an SSD setup and compare the method used for others. Teletherapy timer error measurements were performed in a full scatter, large water phantom using a 0.6cc ionization chamber and average photon energy of 1.25MeV from a cobalt-60 unit at an SSD of 100cm at various field ...
ABSTRACT The Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) was estimated first using Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) slabs and secondly MGD was estimated per right craniocaudal (RCC) projection view and left craniocaudal (LCC) projection view. A number of 21 patients out of a total of 28 patients, undergoing breast examination in three (3) selected mammography facilities in the Republic of Benin were involved. Image quality was evaluated based on subjective analysis of images with Leeds Tests Objects and American ...
ABSTRACT Computed Tomography (CT) is a valuable tool among diagnostic imaging modalities. However, the increase in its utilization has resulted to a considerable increase in its contribution to the collective dose from medical exposure. The main aim of this study was to propose a patient dose optimization method from exposure parameters that would estimate the peak skin doses (PSDs) to patients undergoing chest CT and abdomen CT examinations. PSDs were estimated on the surface of a Perspex C...
ABSTRACT In radiotherapy, a patient may present irregular surface contour at the point of beam entry and this coupled with tissue heterogeneities within the irradiated region would pose problems for dose optimization if beam modifiers are not used. Skin dose is of great concern in external beam radiotherapy with megavoltage beam as the skin is very radiosensitive, and there is the need to minimize the radiation dose received by the skin. The use of beam modifiers affects the skin dose and t...
ABSTRACT The Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) was estimated first using Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) slabs and secondly MGD was estimated per right craniocaudal (RCC) projection view and left craniocaudal (LCC) projection view. A number of 21 patients out of a total of 28 patients, undergoing breast examination in three (3) selected mammography facilities in the Republic of Benin were involved. Image quality was evaluated based on subjective analysis of images with Leeds Tests Objects and American ...
ABSTRACT Fusion of medical images between different cross-sectional modalities is widely used, mostly where functional images are fused with anatomical data. Ultrasound has for some time now been the standard imaging technique used for treatment planning of prostate cancer cases. While this approach is laudable and has yielded some positive results, latest developments have been the integration of images from ultrasound and other modalities such as PET-CT to compliment missing properties of u...
ABSTRACT During external beam radiotherapy treatments, high doses are delivered to the cancerous cell. Accuracy and precision of dose delivery are primary requirements for effective and efficient treatment. This leads to the consideration of treatment parameters such as percentage depth dose (PDD), tissue air ratio (TAR) and tissue phantom ratio (TPR), which show the dose distribution in the patient. Nevertheless, tissue air ratio (TAR) for treatment time calculation, calls for the need to m...