Abstract: Organ motion in Radiotherapy induce an error in the received dose by the tumour therefore this experimental study conducted at different hospitals in Sudan (Radiation and Isotopes Centres of Khartoum (RICK) and Antalya clinic centre in period of 7 months, from May 2014 to December 2014. The main objective of this study was to detect and measure the periodic physiological prostate motion during external beam radiotherapy (inspiration and expiration) , to accurate and continuous tumo...
This study was carried out to develop probiotic fermented beverages. The commercial strain Bifidobacterium infantis 20088 was used. The growth of the strain and its related physiochemical changes during fermentation was evaluated. The strain survival during refrigeration storage was also examined. In addition the chemical composition of different fermented beverages at initial and maximum growth of the strain were also determined. Growth media were formulated from reconstituted skim mil...
Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the accumulative levels of Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni and Cu in roadside topsoil of three major streets in Khartoum State and the relation between the concentration of these metals and soil chemical properties. The collected roadsides topsoil samples were prepared with an improved closed wet digestion system and the heavy metals concentrations in the extracts were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentration ranges of me...
Abstract We give characterizations of isometric shift operators and Backward shifts on Banach spaces with linear isometries between subspaces of continuous functions. We show the inverse spectral theory for the Ward equation and for the 2+1. Chiral model, we also consider the isometric shifts and metric spaces. We also study the Cauchy problem of the Ward equation. We discuss the relative Position of four subspaces in of Hilbert space, with an indecomposable representations ofQuivers on infi...
The main goals of this research were to study the effect of extraction methods, and deep frying process on the Physico-chemical Properties of vitellaria paradoxa ssp. nilotica, beside the chemical composition of shea nuts, the sensory evaluation of potato chips fried in shea butter, groundnut, and their blend oil (1:1) and finally the fatty acid profile of shea butter. The samples were collected from Alradoum area Southern Darfour State – Sudan. Samples were well prepared and kept in d...
The growing complexity of modern software systems makes the prediction of performance a challenging activity. Many drawbacks incurred by using the traditional performance prediction techniques such as simulation, guessing, and depending on previous experience. Moreover, performance assessment and prediction is time consuming activity and may produce inaccurate results especially in complex and large scale software applications. To contribute to solving these problems, we adopt a model-ba...
The excellence of Sudanese Universities and Academic Staff members can be effectively classified by systematic and objective design criteria, which participates in developing the learning outcomes in Sudan. In the first phase of this research, suitable quantitative and qualitative performance evaluation criteria are determined and defined, pairwise comparisons and evaluation forms are designed and exploited in order to get experts opinions/preference on the evaluation criteria that are u...
Today with the development of technology and the trend of the Sudan government, Sudanese Universities convert the manual exam to e exam starting by four Universities(Alnealine University, Open Sudan University ,Alnhda faculty ,International University of Africa) , Despite the increasing numbers of educational institutions that carry out the e - exam, the current practices lack the standard and thus become the need to build a unified model in preparing the number of questions and the met...
Abstract This research deals with one of the applications of spectroscopy, which is the detection of some components of sand and the concentrations of these elements using X-ray fluorescence technology and comparison between them. Where sand samples were taken from Bara north Kordofan region (red-orange, black) from surface and depth (30cm, 70cm). It was found that the elements present on the surface of the red-orange sample are: Silicon (Si), Zirconium (Zr), Thorium (Th), Titanium (Ti), and...
The standard model of particle physics is currently an accepted theory at low energies; however, it doesn’t address the unification of gauge coupling constants. In this dissertation, the renormalization group equations at one loop order in the standard model, both in 4D and 5D, in addition to Pati-Salam model (4D and 5D)have been studied. We found, both analytically and numerically, that a natural and successful gauge coupling unification could be achieved in 4D Pati-Salam model with...
In this thesis photo resistor (CdS) was used to calculate the energy gab using simple electrical method, it was found that to be and and electrical conductivity of photo resistor equal to and (I.V) characteristic was studied under the influence of temperature variation and constant polarization angle of irradiation (𝜃 ,also the of relation versus angle 𝜃 at constant voltage was considered with temperature variation. Different relation was plotted and the results were discussed fo...
Nowadays, the use of facial makeup among most Sudanese ladies becomes very popular without being aware about the potential dangers that can threaten their health while using these cosmetics. Several facial cosmetics available in Sudanese markets are unsafe. A questionnaire survey and statistical analysis were employed in this investigation. Actual participants size (500) were females, university students (70%), employees ladies (20%), house wives (7.5%) and others (2.5%). It was found th...
Abstract The recent advancement in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has brought new distributed sensing applications such as water quality monitoring. With sensing capabilities and using parameters like pH, conductivity and temperature, the quality of water can be known. This paper proposes a novel design based on IEEE 802.15.4 (Zig-Bee protocol) and solar energy called Autonomous Water Quality Monitoring Prototype (AWQMP). The prototype is designed to use ECHERP routing protocol an...
In this study Three plants species from eastern and western Sudan were studied: Namely Acacia nubica benth( Laot), Citrus paradise (grapefruit ) and Combretum Hartmonnina Schweinf (Habeel ). The plant material was extracted using 95% ethanol.The crude extracts were subjected to a phytochemical screening which revealed the presence of flavonoids among other phytochemicals .The crude extracts were purified by thin layer chromatography utilizing different solvent systems ,and characterize...
The introductory chapter of this thesis outlines multicomponent reactions and describes in detail the chemistry of the Mannich reaction. The final section of the introduction deals with chemical informatics Ten compounds of β-aminoacetophenone derivatives were synthesized by the condensation of ketone (acetophenone or p-bromoacetophenone) with different aromatic amines and benzaldehyde; general preparative method, ACD/lab programmer method and Swiss target prediction method for synthe...