Abstract: This project was based on biodiesel production from candlenut and calodendrum capense seeds using conventional and biotechnological technique and determination of the oil yields and biodiesel quality. The driving force for large-scale use of biodiesel has been the need to reduce the harmful emissions that result from the burning of petroleum oil as well as our dependence on diminishing reserves of petroleum oil. The aim of the study was to extract oil from Candlenut tree and Calode...
Abstract: Distinguishing pathogenic nematodes on the basis of morphological characters is difficult because differences in characters may be absent or difficult to observe. Hence identification to the species level is increasingly reliant on molecular based techniques. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based techniques offer possibilities for precision, sensitivity and quantification. Tomato root-knot nematodes from the three selected areas in Kenya were characterized by analysis of isozyme ph...
Abstract: Ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep, and camels host highly diverse microbial communities in their rumens that ferment fibrous plant materials to produce energy. However, this fermentation process also generates significant amounts of volatile organic compounds and greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, which are released into the environment through various excretion routes. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere contributes to global warming and clima...
Abstract: My foremost profound gratitude goes to God Almighty who has granted me good health,strength and ability to accomplish this study and more so during the challenging academic times. Second, I am grateful to my supervisors Dr. Maamun Jeneby and Dr. Vincent Owino Adung’a for their time, guidance, dedication and involvement in my academic pursuits. Special thanks to Dr. Maamun and Dr. Mercy Akinyi who were kind enough to offer an opportunity to conduct a research project for my thesis...
Abstract: Background: Human metapneumovirus(HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the leading causes of viral severe acute respiratory diseasein childhood. They are related viruses from the Pneumoviridaefamily andshow overlapping clinical, epidemiological and transmission features.Whether the two viruses also share similar patterns of geographic spread remains unknown; this may provide insight on common modalities of control. Materials and Methods:Using 232 HMPV and 842 RSV attachm...
Abstract: Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are extensively cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa as a cheap source of proteins, starch, dietary fiber, and excellent mineral salts and vitamins. However,beans are lost due to poor post-harvest handling and storage practices that provide insufficient protection against storage insect pests. Therefore, farmers are forced to apply insecticides more than once in a storage period to achieve protection. Excessive use of chemicals is not safe for healt...
Abstract: Long-horned grasshopper (Ruspolia differens), an edible insect native to sub-Saharan Africa, is considered a delicacy by some communities in the region and contributes 5-10% of the protein intake. However, its full utilization as food across the different cultural constructs has been hampered by neophobia and disgust occasioned by uncommon food cultural practices, thereby limiting its potential to combat malnutrition in the region. Therefore, there is need to process and hide the i...
Abstract: Background Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is an emerging tool in ecological monitoring of aquatic habitats. When applied correctly, it can overcome the limitations of traditional aquatic sampling methods. This current study develops and validates a protocol for using eDNA analysis to detect and quantify mosquito larvae in laboratory and controlled field setting. Methods Species-specific PCR primers were designed from An. gambiae s.l and An. funestus, and qPCR primers for An. gam...
Abstract: Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are economically important polyphagous group of highly adapted obligate plant parasites. They pose a substantial threat to crop production globally due to losses caused in a wide range of agricultural crops. To curb infestations of RKNs, several mitigation measures have been deployed to control these parasites but with minimal success. Alternative integrated strategies are therefore needed for management of these pests. A new strategy being explored at ic...
Abstract: Hippobosca camelina, also known as camel keds or camel louse flies, are the most common blood-sucking ectoparasites infesting camels in, Laisamis Ward, northern Kenya. The ability of these obligate haematophagous biting flies to transmit infectious agents is less understood. The aims of this study were to; I) screen for protozoan, bacterial and viral pathogens in camels and their biting keds, H. camelina, sampled from Laisamis Ward, Marsabit county II) assess the potential utility ...
Abstract: Ethnobotanical analyses highlight therapeutic and chemotypic variations of geographically and ecologically diverse Murraya koenigii (Spreng) samples. However, the genetic correlation of this observation remains obscure. The present study aimed at studying the intraspecific genetic variation of Murraya koenigii and the possible effect on the bioactivity of volatiles of plant samples collected from four different geographical locations of Kenya. Genomic DNA isolated from various plan...
Abstract: The long-horned grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) is a delicacy in Uganda and many African countries. It is traditionally trapped at night during the swarming seasons using mercury bulbs that consume a lot of electric energy and pollute the environment. In addition, thecollection drums used in the traditional trappingtechnique are non-selective,trapping non-target insects, some of which are allergenic to humans. Further, these traps areinefficient in retaining the insects.The Intern...
Abstract: Edible insects are now globally recognisedas alternative sources of food and feed. Currently, over 470 spp of insects are consumed in Africa alone, with Ruspolia differensbeing the most common in central Uganda.Harvesting and trading of these insects is done informally andthe post-harvest handling, processingand marketing involvesseveral people. These coupled with other factors increase the risk of microbial contamination of R. differens. This study identifiedand characterisedbacte...
Abstract: Advances in genotyping methods have shed more light into mosquito genetics and improved our understanding of vector-borne disease transmission cycles. Outside of Africa, Aedes aegypti, the main vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses, prefers humans for a blood meal, resting and breeding in close association with human settlements. However, in its native African ecology, both domestic (Aedes aegypti aegypti) and sylvatic (forest) (Aedes aeg...
Nano electronics are part of the nanotechnology domain, which deals with the characterization, manipulation and fabrication of the electronic devices at the Nano scale. Nano electronics is one of the major technologies of Nanotechnology.