Psychosocial Determinants of Self Efficacy: A Review of Parenting Styles, Cultural Orientation and Learning Environments

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Abstract:

The beliefs that individuals carry about their ability to succeed at particular tasks and achieve desired goals (self-efficacy) determine their approach to life. These beliefs are formed during childhood and continue into adulthood. They are influenced by a various factors and experiences in a person‟s life. The current study examined the relationship between self-efficacy and three psychosocial factors: parenting styles, learning environments and cultural orientation. The sample comprised of 132 men and women between the age of 18 and 30 years. These were first year students at the United States International University- Africa (USIU-A). The author used self-administered structured questionnaires to collect the information and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze it. The questionnaire was made up of the Culture Orientation Scale that measured cultural constructs, the Parental Authority Questionnaire that measured the participants‟ perception of the parenting style applied by their parents and the General Self-Efficacy Scale that evaluated the participants‟ self-efficacy levels. Results showed that the most significant psychosocial factors that were related to self-efficacy were the authoritative parenting style of the father (r = -.270, p < .01), the primary level of learning (χ2 (2) = 6.187, p

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Psychosocial Determinants of Self Efficacy: A Review of Parenting Styles, Cultural Orientation and Learning Environments

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