School Student Achievement in Geography

ABSTRACT The study investigated the comparative effect of Power Point presentation and digital video instruction on secondary schools student achievement in Geography. The study employed a quasi-experimental research design. The study utilized pretest – postest non randomized group design. Three research questions guided the study. Also three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study and tested at 0.5 level of significance. The study was carried out in Dutse metropolitan area of Jigawa State. The population of the study consisted of all SS1 students who offer geography in the public senior secondary schools within Dutse Metropolis. Two public senior secondary schools were purposively chosen for the study and are randomly assigned to treatment groups. Group one was taught geography lessons using Power Point presentations, treatment group two was taught using Digital video instruction. The researcher developed and packaged the Digital Video Instruction (DVI) and Power Point Slides (PPS) for six separate lessons and Geography Achievement Test (GAT) served as instrument for data collection. The instruments were validated by three experts, one from Measurement and Evaluation Unit, one from Educational Technology Unit and one from Geography Unit of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The instruments for data collection (GAT) was trial tested, the internal consistency of the GAT was determined using Kuder-Richardson 21. It yielded internal consistency coefficient r = 0.65. The data collected was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The findings of the study include that: no significant difference was established between students taught using Power Point presentation and those taught using digital video instruction, although those taught using Power Point presentation had higher mean score. Also no statistically significance difference was established between the male and female students in the two groups though male had higher mean score. Based on these findings, it was recommended that: Secondary school teachers should incorporate the use of Power Point presentation and/or digital video instruction in teaching topics in geography.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Approval Page ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgments v

Table of Contents vi

Abstract ix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 10

Purpose of the Study 11

Significance of the Study 11

Scope of the Study 12

Research Questions 13

Hypotheses 13

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW 14

Conceptual Framework 15

Concept of Geography 15

Concept of Instruction 20

Concept of Digital Video 21

Concept of Power Point 23

Concept of Achievement 25

Concept of Conventional Method 26

vii

Theoretical Framework 27

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development 38

The Dual Coding Theory 29

Generative Theory of Multimedia Instruction 30

Related Empirical Studies 31

Summary of Literature Review 36

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHOD 38

Design of the Study 38

Area of the Study 39

Population of the Study 40

Sample of the Study 40

Instrument for Data Collection 41

Validation of Research Instrument 44

Reliability of the Instrument 44

Experimental Procedures 45

Control of Extraneous Variables 46

Method of Data Analysis 48

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS 49

Research question one 49

Research question two 50

Research question three 51

Hypothesis one 52

Hypothesis two 53

Hypothesis three 54

Summary of Major Findings 54

viii

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND

RECOMMENDATION 55

Discussion of Findings 55

Conclusion 57

Implications of the Study 58

Recommendations 58

Limitations 59

Area of Further Research 59

Summary of the Study 59

REFERENCES 62

APPENDICES 67