The Effects of Occupational Health and Safety Management on Organizational Productivity – The Case Study of Tanzania Portland Cement Company Limited, Dar Es Salaam - Tanzania

ABSTRACT The study investigated the effects of occuZpational health and safety management on organizational productivity: the case study of Tanzania Portland Cement company limited, Dar Es Salaam – Tanzania, The specific objective of this study were; To determine the factors affecting employees’ health and safety on organizational productivity;To assess the level of accident on organization productivity; To identify the relationship between employees health, safety and organization productivity at Tanzania Portland cement Company Limited. The study was guided by four theories: the theory of compensating wage differentials (CWDs), resource based view theory, the resource dependency theory and McKinsey’s 7S Model. The descriptive survey research design and mixed methods approach were used on the sample size of 171 obtained using the Solvene’s formula, data was collected using interview guide and open and closed ended questionnaire. The results of data analysis indicates that the factors affecting employees’ health and safety management and organizational productivity at Tanzania Portland cement Company Limited include: Working environment, Health and safety at work, lack of Health and safety policy such as hazard reporting system, employee exposure form and medical reports, Accidents at work among others. The findings also revealed that the level of accident affecting organization productivity at Tanzania Portland Cement Company Limited is very high and this was attributed to lack of adequate protective clothing among others. It was also found that there is significant positive relationship between employees health, safety and organization productivity at Tanzania Portland cement Company Limited. The research concluded that health and safety measures have a positive impact not only on safety and health performance but also on company productivity. Research recommended that Employees should have regular and seasoned training courses on safety management,The safety policies of business must be effectively implemented to the later and adherence monitored at every instance among others.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION A ............................................................................................................i

DECLARATION B ...........................................................................................................ii

DR. BENARD OYAGI......................................................................................................ii

APPROVAL SHEET........................................................................................................iii

DEDICATION..................................................................................................................iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................................vi

ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................viii

LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................xi

CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................1

1.0 Introduction.........................................................................................................1

1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................................1

1.2 Statement of the Problem....................................................................................8

1.3 Purpose of the study............................................................................................8

1.4 Research questions..............................................................................................9

1.5 Hypothesis of the study.......................................................................................9

1.6 Scope of the study...............................................................................................9

1.6.1 Geographical scope..........................................................................................9

1.6.2 Content scope....................................................................................................10

1.6.3 Theoretical scope.................................................................................................11

1.6.4 Time scope. .........................................................................................................11

1.7 Significance of the Study ..................................................................................11

1.8 Operational definitions of key terms.................................................................12

CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................14

LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................14

2.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................14

2.1 Theoretical Framework .....................................................................................14

ix

2.1.1 The theory of compensating wage differentials (CWDs) ..........................14

2.1. 2 Resource-Based Theory or View (RBV) ...................................................15

2.1. 3 Resource Dependency Theory.......................................................................16

2.1.4 McKinsey 7S Model ..................................................................................18

2.2 Conceptual framework ..........................................................................................20

2.2.1 Independent variable: Occupational safety and health ....................................21

2.2.2 Organizational productivity .......................................................................26

2.3 Factors affecting employees’ health and safety management...........................27

2.4 Level of accident affecting organization productivity ......................................30

2.5 Relationship between health, safety and organization productivity .................32

2.6 Employee Involvement in Health and Safety.....................................................34

2.7 Review of related empirical literature...............................................................35

2.8 Research gap .....................................................................................................40

CHAPTER THREE .........................................................................................................45

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................45

3.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................45

3.1 Research Design................................................................................................45

3.2 Research Approach ...........................................................................................45

3.3 Population of the study .....................................................................................46

3.4 Sample Size.......................................................................................................46

3.5 Data Collection tools.........................................................................................47

3.6 Data Analysis....................................................................................................47

3.7 Reliability and validity......................................................................................48

3.7.1 Validity of the instrument ..........................................................................48

3.7.2 Reliability of the instrument ......................................................................48

3.8 Data gathering procedures ................................................................................49

3.9 Ethical considerations.......................................................................................49

3.10 Limitations of the study ....................................................................................50

CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................51

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA .......................51

x

4.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................51

4.1 Response Rate ...................................................................................................51

4.2 Demographic Profile of the Respondents .........................................................52

4.3 Factors affecting employees’ health and safety on organizational

productivity…………………………………………………………………………..53

4.4 The level of accident on organization productivity at Tanzania Portland

Cement Company Limited. ..........................................................................................64

4.5 The relationship between employees health, safety and organization

productivity at Tanzania Portland cement Company Limited. ....................................78

CHAPTER FIVE .............................................................................................................81

SUMMARY OF THEFINDINGS,CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS.........81

5.0. Introduction.......................................................................................................81

5.1 Summary of the findings...................................................................................81

5.1.1 Factors affecting employees’ health and safety on organizational

productivity...............................................................................................................81

5.1.2 To assess the level of accident on organization productivity at Tanzania

Portland 81

5.1.3 To identify the relationship between employees health, safety and

organization productivity at Tanzania Portland cement Company Limited.............82

5.2: Conclusion .......................................................................................................83

5.3: Recommendations.............................................................................................83

5.4: Suggestions for Further Research ....................................................................84

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................85

APPENDENCES .............................................................................................................91

APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE .............................................................................91

APPENDIX II: HAZARD REPORTING FORM- TPCC............................................95

APPENDIX III: EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE REPORT FORM –TPCC ......................96

APPENDIX 4: MEDICAL REPORT ..........................................................................98

APPENDIX V: BUDGET..........................................................................................100

APPENDIX III: TIME FRAME ................................................................................101