Biomedical Science Research Papers/Topics

An Investigation Of The In Vitro Anti-Cancer Properties Of Acanthosicyos Naudinianus,Fockeaangustifolia, Cf Salvadora Persia And Nymania Capensis From Hardap And //Karas Regions Of Namibia

ABSTRACT Cancer has become a global health burden accounting for about 8.2 million deaths every year worldwide. Cancer patients or people, who experience symptoms similar to that of cancer in Namibia’s rural settings, may endure suffering for months and may even die without receiving medical attention, due to the lengthy distance between the rural areas and the nearest medical centre and the long referral process. It may even take more time to get the correct medical attention for t partic...

Mutualism benefits and the evolution of an interspecific sentry call in associations between Sociable Weavers and Fork-tailed Drongos

Abstract Mutualisms, where organisms benefit from cooperation, are common in nature, but payoffs are dynamic and mutualists can incur costs as well as benefits from their association. Nevertheless, selection can favour the coevolution of behaviour that increases benefits. Such coevolution can potentially result in new mutualistic behaviours. Our study considered associations between Fork-tailed Drongos (Dicrurus adsimilis), birds which use both false alarms and aggression to steal food from o...

Phenotypic And Molecular Characterization Of Extended-Spectrum Βeta-Lactamases In Klebsiella Pneumoniae And Escherichia Coli Isolates In Accra, Ghana,

ABSTRACT Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid-mediated enzymes capable of hydrolysing beta-lactams except carbapenems and cephamycins but are inhibited by beta-lactamase inhibitors. Most of these ESBL plasmids also carry genes conferring resistance to several non-beta-lactam antimicrobials. Hence, ESBL-producing isolates limit therapeutic options, contribute to treatment failure, increase morbidity and mortality, prolong hospitalization and increase cost of healthcare. There ...

Isolation And Characterization Of Cassava Fibre For Tissue Engineering Scaffold Application

ABSTRACT Cassava bagasse and its extracted cellulose fibres have seen frequent application mostly in the packaging industry as reinforcement material in plastic composites development. However, the material properties such as the mechanical properties of the single elementary cassava cellulose fibres have not been examined and reviewed literature does not show its potential use in the development of tissue engineering scaffolds for cell culture. The study, therefore, characterized the mechani...

Computational Study of Dual Sensor Design For Noninvasive Diabetics Detection Device Based on Infrared And Ultrasound PIEZOELECTRIC MEMS Technologies

ABSTRACT Continuous and noninvasive method of monitoring and regulating the blood glucose level in diabetic patients is essential to avoid complications that may result from the condition. Over the last few years, efforts have been made to replace the existing invasive method of glycemic monitoring with the novel noninvasive approach by taking advantage of recent developments in biosensors and enhanced computing power of microprocessors. This work sought to explore the combined technologies ...

Fabrication of a Sach Foot And its Comparisons With Foreign Sach Foot And Single Axis Foot

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to fabricate a solid ankle cushion heel (SACH foot) and comparison of the differences and effect of this SACH foot on the cardiovascular responses and gait efficiency of fifteen unilateral transtibial amputees with foreign SACH foot and Single axis foot. The SACH foot was fabricated using available local materials. The patients were recruited from Royal Prosthetic and Orthotic Clinic, Egbu, Owerri. The systolic, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of the...

Fabrication of a post-Operative Prosthesis- Quality of Life Among Lower Limb Prosthesis Users in Southern-Eastern Nigeria

ABSTRACT A major rehabilitation goal in the care of limb amputees is to minimize the negative effects of this type of disability by using prosthesis, thereby improving the quality of life (QoL). Studies on QoL of amputees are sparse in Nigeria. Studies on the adoption and use of Post Operative Prosthesis are inexistent. The present study designed and fabricated a post-operative prosthesis and as well researched on the QoL of prosthesis-using-amputees using the Trinity Amputation Prosthesis E...

Occupational Hearing Loss Among Workers Exposed To Industrial Chemicals And Noise: A Study In A Paint Company And Among Automobile Sprayers In Ghana

ABSTRACT Background: Occupational hearing loss is a general term used to describe hearing loss that occurs in work environments. Noise and industrial chemicals such as organic solvents are two main toxic acoustic disturbance and substances that can have adverse effects on the auditory system and consequently induce hearing loss. This is corroborated by experimental studies on both animal and human which confirm ototoxic effects of industrial organic solvents and noise. Worldwide, several indu...

Adenosine Deaminase Activity In The Diagnosis Of Tuberculous Meningitis And Its Levels In Other Diseases

ABSTRACT The diagnostic value of Adenosine Deaminase was studied to evaluate and establish a cut-off point for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis and also to establish its levels in other diseases in the local setting. There were 358 subjects in the study. The mean age of the adults was 29 ± 2; with a range of 13-74 years, while the age of the infants ranged from one day to 13 years. These were made up as follows: ‘Apparently healthy donors’ (30); tuberculous meningitis (230); pulm...

Bcr-Abl1 Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia In Ghanaian Patients

ABSTRACT Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the accumulation of lymphoblasts in the bone marrow as a result of malignant transformation resulting in proliferation of immature lymphoid progenitors or lymphoblasts. It results from perturbation of several genetic loci. The chimeric BCR-ABL1 gene fusion is one of such genetic alterations. Even though the presence of BCR-ABL1 has been associated with poor prognosis, the incorporation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment proto...

Antiplasmodial Activity And Cytochrome P450 Mediated Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions Of Xylopic Acid

ABSTRACT Xylopic acid (XA), the major constituent of the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica has shown several pharmacological properties. Consequently, the fruit is being used in the preparation of food. Traditionally, the plant is used to treat several diseases and it has been formulated into a nasal drop despite the lack of information about its safety, food-drug interaction, and other pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, this study investigated the antiplasmodial effect of XA on P. falciparum, ...

COMPUTER–AIDED APPROACHES TO DISCOVERY OF NOVEL DRUGS AGAINST THE HUMAN HOOKWORM NECATOR AMERICANUS (NEMATODA: ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE)

ABSTRACT There is a crucial need to develop novel anthelminthic drugs due to the mounting disease burden and increasing evidence of hookworm resistance to drugs such as albendazole and mebendazole, which for decades have been used to treat the infection. Consequently, it is exigent to develop alternative drugs with improved therapeutic efficacy. Natural products due to their unique active ingredients have been shown to possess exceptional structures with chemical diversity that is unmatched b...

THE PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUS INFECTIONS AMONG LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS AT THE KORLE-BU TEACHING HOSPITAL, ACCRA-GHANA

ABSTRACT Cirrhosis of the liver is an endstage chronic liver disease which is generally irreversible. About 75% of patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis have progressive disease despite supportive therapy and die within one to five years from serious complications such as variceal haemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy or superimposed hepatocellular carcinoma. Records from the Pathology Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra-Ghana indicates that cirrhosis is the commonest liver...

FAECAL PANCREATIC ELASTASE 1 - A USEFUL NON INVASIVE MEASURE OF EXOCRINE PANCREATIC FUNCTION

ABSTRACT The major objective o f this work was to establish the assay o f faecal elastase I in spot stool samples as an exocrine pancreatic function test for the Korle-Bu teaching hospital. The assay o f faecal elastase I was carried out in spot stool samples from apparently healthy persons and subjects with various pancreatic and non pancreatic diseases. The result obtained confirmed the diagnostic efficiency o f pancreatic elastase 1 determination in stool as a standard test o f exocri...

ANTI-HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA EFFECT OF AN ALKALOIDAL EXTRACT DERIVED FROM ZANTHOXYLUM ZANTHOXYLOIDES

ABSTRACT Background: The global burden of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) has increased. Consequently, exploring newer treatment modalities for HCC such as herbal medicines has become a necessary. Objective: The study investigated antiHCC effects of an alkaloidal extract derived from leaves of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides. Materials and methods: Alkaloidal extract (ZZAE) from cleaned dried leaves of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides was prepared using Soxhlet extraction and liquid-liquid extraction m...


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