Pharmacology Research Papers/Topics

Antimicrobial Activity of Garcinia kola (Heckel) Seed Extracts and Isolated Constituents Against Caries-causing Microorganisms

ABSTRACT Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae) seed, has found use in folkloric medicine of Southern Nigeria for the treatment of toothache and prevention of dental caries. The crude ethanolic extract, chromatographic fractions and isolated constituents of Garcinia kola seed against clinical strains of dental-caries-causing and related microorganisms is being evaluated. Antimicrobial evaluations were done by testing different concentrations of the crude extract, vacuum liquid chromatographic (VL...

Post-Junctional Alpha Adrenoceftors in the Anococcygeus Muscle and VAS Deferens: A Comparative Study in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

ABSTRACT The characteristics of the post-junctional -aarenoceptors in the isolated anococcygeus muscle and vas deferens were compared in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (NCR). Responses to CK —adrenoceptor agonists were obtained in the absence and presence of cocaine and of antagonists, Noradrenaline I (NA) and phenylephrine (PE) produced concentration related contrac— tions of the preparations which were antagonised by phentolamine5 prazosin and yohimbine in b...

EFFECT OF AN ETHANOLIC FRUIT EXTRACT OF XYLOPIA AETHIOPICA AND ITS MAJOR ALKALOID, XYLOPIC ACID, ON LEARNING AND MEMORY: A PRE-CLINICAL EVALUATION FROM A NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRACT Background: Cognitive dysfunction, presenting as learning and memory impairment, is a common manifestation in many chronic diseases, including depression, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. It could also be present without any known underlying medical condition. Till date, no drug has shown convincing efficacy in improving learning and memory deficits in these conditions although some medicinal plants are demonstrating promising effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the e...

Nigerian Antimalarial ethnomedicine 2: Ethnobotanical surveys of herbal remedies used in the treatment of febrile illnesses in the middle belt of Nigeria

ABSTRACT An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among residents of Gboko and Kastina Ala local government areas in Benue state located in the middle belt of Nigeria.

ANTIOXIDANT AND SELECTIVE CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES ON CANCER CELL LINES BY BIOACTIVATABLE COMPOUNDS IN EXTRACTS OF TERMITOMYCES SCHIMPERI (LYOPHYLLACEAE)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Termitomyces schimperi (TS) is an edible mushroom that is known to possess certain therapeutic properties. Anecdotal report from La Cote d’Ivoire suggests that the mushroom is traditionally used in combination with kaolin, to manage a number of cancers. There is, however, a dearth of information on its antioxidant and anticancer properties with or without kaolin. AIMS: The aims of this study were to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of aqueous and ethano...

EFFECT OF 30-DAY ADMINISTRATION OF CELLGEVITY® ON SELECTED RAT LIVER CYP450 ENZYME ACTIVITY AND POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH CARBAMAZEPINE

ABSTRACT Background: There is considerable evidence that many patients concurrently take conventional drugs with dietary supplements or herbal products. One such supplement, with an amalgam of extracts, is Cellgevity®. There is, however, a dearth of information on the effect of this supplement on drug metabolizing enzymes, and on the pharmacokinetics of conventional drugs. Aim: To determine the effect of Cellgevity® on the activity of rat liver CYP1A1/2, CYP3A4, CYP2B1/2, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 ...

Efficacy of herbal remedies used by herbalists in Oyo State Nigeria for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infections a survey and an observation

ABSTRACT In the course of evaluating the contributions of phytomedicine to possible drug discovery of antimalarial drugs an ethnomedical survey of specialized children traditional clinics was done.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Adenopus breviflorus (ROBERTY)FRUIT IN MICE

ABSTRACT Adenopus breviflorus is a perennial climber used locally as an anti-convulsant, sedative and pain-killer in West Africa. Several studies have reported gastrointestinal, reproductive and anti-microbial effects of extracts of Adenopus breviflorus, but there is dearth of information on its neurological effect. This study was therefore designed to investigate effect of Ethanol Extract of Adenopus breviflorus (EEAB) on central nervous system in mice. Three hundred gram of air-dried Adeno...

Post-Junctional Alpha Adrenoceptors in the Anococcygeus Muscle and Vas Deferens: A Comparative Study in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

ABSTRACT The characteristics of the post-junctional -adrenoceptors in the isolated anococcygeus muscle and vas deferens were compared in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (NCR), Responses to CK —adrenoceptor agonists were obtained in the absence and presence of cocaine and of antagonists, Noradrenaline I (NA) and phenylephrine (PE) produced concentration related contractions of the preparations which were antagonised by phentolamine5 prazosin and yohimbine in both ...

Do Frequent Antenatal Care Visits Ensure Access and Adherence to Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy in an Urban Hospital in South West Nigeria?

ABSTRACT The relationship of antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance and factors that could affect intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) uptake among 339 parturient women was examined. Respondents were enrolled over a period of three months in a secondary healthcare facility within 24 hours of delivery. Demographic details, delivery and antenatal history, insecticide treated net (ITN) use, and history of IPTp-Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) use in the index pregnancy were recorded. Finger and heel...

Anti-Inflamatory and Analgesic Activities of Securidaca longepedunculata Fers (Polygalaceae) Leaf and Stem Bark Methanolic Extract

ABSTRACT Securidaca longepedunculata Fers (Polygalaceae) is commonly used in many parts of Africa for the treatment of rheumatic conditions, fever, headache and various other inflammatory based diseases. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Securidaca longepedunculata leaf and stem bark methanol extracts using animal model. The anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extracts were evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema in r...

EFFECT OF SWEDISH BITTERS ON SELECTED RAT CYTOCHROME P450 ENZYME ACTIVITY AND HEPATIC ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS

ABSTRACT  Background: The use of herbal products has gained popularity especially in developing countries. A number of patients are known to take these herbal products concurrently with conventional drugs. Concomitant use of herbal preparations and conventional drugs may result in herb-drug interactions, often via modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, in particular, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Swedish bitters is one of such herbal preparations on the market which may be concomitan...

PREVALENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN HIV-INFECTED ADULTS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPHY (HAART) IN OGUN-STATE. NIGERIA

ABSTRACT  Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains one of the complications of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among individuals on antiretroviral medication. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, Knowledge and associated risk factors of CKD among Ogun-state Indigenes with HIV on antiretroviral medications  Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study involving 203 previously diagnosed HIV-infected patients on HAART treatmen...

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VIVO ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF TAPINANTHUS DODONEIFOLIUS (DC) DANSER GROWING ON VITEX DONIANA

Malaria is a major public health problem in the world especially in Africa, with an estimated two million  children and pregnant women worldwide dying of malaria yearly, primarily because of Plasmodium  falciparum and its complications. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol leaf extract revealed the presence of triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside,  carbohydrate and alkaloids. The in vivo antimalarial activity of the crude methanol leaf ...

Effects of Crude Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Citropsis Articulata and Mystroxylon Aethiopicum on Sex Hormone Levels In Male Albino Rats

ABSTRACT: The study evaluated effect of aqueous leaf extracts of C. articulata and M. aethiopicum on serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin in male albino rats as well as on organ weights and histological structure of the testis. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was also qualitatively determined. This was an experimental study. Shade dried C. articulata and M. aethiopicum leaves were pounded and crude extracts were...


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