Abstract Data clustering has always been an important aspect of data mining. Extracting clusters from data could be very difficult especially when the features are large and the classes not clearly partitioned, hence the need for high-quality clustering techniques. The major shortcoming of various clustering techniques is that the number of clusters must be stated before the clustering starts. A recent successful work in clustering is the Clustering analysis based on Glowworm Swarm Optimizati...
ABSTRACT Sapindaceae Jussieu is a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales. They exist as trees and shrubs, and tendril-bearing vines with about 140-150 genera and 1400-2000 species worldwide. Sapindaceae is economically, medicinally and aesthetically useful. This aims of this research are to carry out systematic study on African Sapindaceae and generate DNA barcodes for each species with a view to sharing the DNA barcode sequence in a public database. The taxonomy of the family wa...
ABSTRACT The research project was centred on developing the ZRP Real-Time geographic mapping System to address the issue of transit management in the organisation. With this understanding, the researcher concentrated on ways to improve transit management for ZRP staff to and from work. The system management to quickly view activities of their buses as well as ZRP staff to request bus locations and Estimated Times of arrival in real-time. To have a detailed understanding: interviews were cond...
ABSTRACT Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. Physicochemical and biological factors influence microbial community and quality of water. Residents in Bungoma County depend on river Kuywa water for domestic and agricultural use. The river water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities such as farming and disposal of industrial and do...
ABSTRACT Asset-based lending companies and other loan providers are exposed to risk of loan defaults by borrowers. To reduce this risk, these companies acquire credit insurance. Thus when the borrower defaults in payment, the insurance company covers a percentage of the outstanding balance which generates a way to lessen and spread credit risk that the lender incurs. Therefore there are a number of methods put in place such as frequency-serverity and hazard rate models used to value credit in...
ABSTRACT Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that have simple multicellular or unicellular cell structures. They are distributed in terrestrial soils, forests, aquatic habitats and in extreme environments with high ambient salts, temperature, pH and pressure. Fungi from extreme environments are potential sources of novel biocatalysts for example antimicrobial agents that can help solve the rising cases of drug resistance. However, the diversity of fungi recovered and described from less studi...
Abstract This work comprises of several aspects of calcium-aluminate phosphor activated with rare earth metal ions i.e. (CaAl2O4:Eu2+, Nd3+, and Dy3+). In particular the luminescent and structural properties of the long afterglow CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+,Dy3+ phosphors prepared by urea-nitrate solution-combustion method were investigated. The solution-combustion method is more efficient because phosphors with high efficiency were obtained at low temperature (500 oC) in a very short period of time (5...
ABSTRACT Lake Victoria witnessed mass extinction of native fish species that coincided with introductions of Lates niloticus and Oreochromis niloticus about five decades ago. Small populations of O. esculentus and O. variabilis that are locally extinct in L. Victoria are found in Lake Kanyaboli, a satellite lake of L. Victoria. L. Kanyaboli thus has potential to serve as a refugium where cichlid relics are protected from the invasive L. niloticus. However, the status and thus factors that may...
Abstract Economic activities in Lake Victoria Basin such as agriculture, sh- ing, mining and transportation depend's heavily on the climatic conditions of the Lake and its Basin. Global climatic change caused by Greenhouse Gas emission (GHG) has resulted in a disruptive and erratic weather pattern for these economic activities. This unpre- dictable weather variations is responsible for loss of life and destruc- tion of property. The primary cause of this negative impact is lack of a reliable ...
ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major global health problem. Evidence exists on links between nutrition and HIV and AIDS. The Food by Prescription (FBP) in the various Patient Support Centres in Kenya aims at improving nutritional status and drug adherence among people living with HIV and AIDS in poor resource settings. The programme anticipates that within a period of 3-6 months, nutritional status should improve. However, inability to attain the required improveme...
ABSTRACT Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended first-line treatment for malaria in a number of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Recent reports of decline in efficacy of ACT and emergence of ACT resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates has raised global health concern. The underlying mechanisms for the development of resistance to ACT is however, not fully understood. Naturally acquired immunity to P. falciparum is associated with clinical protection against malaria an...
ABSTRACT Striga hermonthica weed is the most widespread and noxious species that parasitises many economically important cereal crops including maize ( Zea mays L.) in sub-Saharan Africa. Striga is also called witchweed in the family Orobanchaceae. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Strigae is a fungus of the genus Fusarium that causes fusarium wilt disease on S. hermonthica. Most control methods against Striga; chemicals, cultural and resistant maize are expensive, ineffective and toxic to environmen...
ABS TRACT A Web Browser is a computer application used to access information on the World Wide Web. The browser‟s parsing capability has advanced over years since its inception. The advancements have consequently increased demand for memory as manifested by computer crawl. Contemporary browsers are anchored on reference architecture that lacks memory control mechanism that can limit maximum memory a browser can use thus posing a challenge in multiprogramming environments with less memory th...
ABSTRACT Management of parasitic disease continues to be a burden and a major public health problem the world over today. Malaria is most lethal of the parasitic vector-borne diseases due to drug and vector resistance to the available chemotherapeutics and vector management strategies, respectively. Bacterial and fungal infections are opportunistic to persons with compromised immunity yet the available drugs are associated with occasional treatment failures while antibiotic resistance is grow...
ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal infections, such as soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Salmonella typhi infection, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In rural areas of Kenya, 9.1 million people are at risk of STHs infection with Western Kenya having the highest burden of both STH and S. typhi infection. Siaya County is more prone to S. typhi and STHs infection with Ukwala hospital records estimating the burden of infection at 30%. Given that STHs cause intestinal ulcers that ...