Abstract/Overview This study was conceptualized against a backdrop of Kenya’s a troubled secondary school system; characterized by incidences of students’ unrests, drug abuse, examination cheating, school dropouts and other forms of indiscipline. Although literature points to the role of parent adolescent relations in development of behavioural problems in adolescent period, the government of Kenya has not linked the problem situation in schools to parent-adolescent relations. This study...
Abstract/Overview Timely diagnosis and treatment of depression among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa which is home to about 70% of global HIV infection is disproportionately low. In Kenya, the effect of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression has scarcely been established through a study. Hence, we conducted an experimental study to test the effectiveness of CBT for depression among PLWH attending outpatient clinics in western Kenya. The intervention was a 2-hou...
Abstract/Overview Using multilevel models, we examined mother-, father-, and child-reported (N = 1,336 families) externalizing behavior problem trajectories from age seven to 14 in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). The intercept and slope of children’s externalizing behavior trajectories varied both across individuals within culture and across cultures, and the variance was larger at the individual level than a...
Abstract/Overview This study investigated the association between perceived material deprivation, children’s behavior problems, and parents’ disciplinary practices. The sample included 1,418 8- to 12-year-old children and their parents in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. Multilevel mixed- and fixed-effects regression models found that, even when income remained stable, perceived material deprivation w associated with childre...
Abstract/Overview The present study examined parents’ self-efficacy about anger regulation and irritability as predictors of harsh parenting and adolescent children’s irritability (i.e., mediators), which in turn were examined as predictors of adolescents’ externalizing and internalizing problems. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents (N = 1,298 families) from 12 cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and United States) were...
Abstract/Overview We investigated whether bidirectional associations between parental warmth and behavioral control and child aggression and rule‐breaking behavior emerged in 12 cultural groups. Study participants included 1,298 children (M = 8.29 years, standard deviation [SD] = 0.66, 51% girls) from Shanghai, China (n = 121); Medellín, Colombia (n = 108); Naples (n = 100) and Rome (n = 103), Italy; Zarqa, Jordan (n = 114); Kisumu, Kenya (n = 100); Manila, Philippines (n = 120); Trollhä...
Abstract/Overview This study tested culture-general and culture-specific aspects of adolescent developmental processes by focusing on opportunities and peer support for aggressive and delinquent behavior, which could help account for cultural similarities and differences in problem behavior during adolescence. Adolescents from 12 cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States) provided data at ages 12, 14, an...
Abstract/Overview We investigated the effects of parental warmth and behavioral control on externalizing and internalizing symptom trajectories from ages 8 to 14 in 1,298 adolescents from 12 cultural groups. We did not find that single universal trajectories characterized adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures, but instead found significant heterogeneity in starting points and rates of change in both externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures. Some ...
Abstract/Overview The goals of this study were to track changes in parental warmth and rules/limit-setting over time and to examine parents’ age at the time of their child’s birth, parents’ education, and child gender in relation to changes in each parenting domain in Kenya. Participants included mothers, fathers, and their children (N= 100 families) residing in Kisumu. Families were recruited when children were age 8, on average, and interviewed for eight years using the Parental Acce...
Abstract/Overview Cultures and families are not static over time but evolve in response to social transformations, such as changing gender roles, urbanization, globalization, and technology uptake. Historically, individualism and collectivism have been widely used heuristics guiding cross-cultural comparisons, yet these orientations may evolve over time, and individuals within cultures and cultures themselves can have both individualist and collectivist orientations. Historical shifts in par...
Abstract/Overview Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents (N = 1,330; Mages = 15 and 16; 50% female), mothers, and fathers from nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, United States) reported on adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems, adolescents completed a lab-based task to assess tendency for risk-taking, and adolescents reported on their well-being. During the pandemic, participants (Mage = 20) reported on changes in thei...
Abstract/Overview This study examined parental warmth as a mediator of relations between mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of dyadic coping and adolescent externalizing outcomes. Data from 472 adolescents, mothers, and fathers were collected over a three-year period from families in China, Kenya, Sweden, and Thailand. For mothers in all four sites and fathers in three sites, better parental dyadic coping at youth age 13 years predicted higher levels of parental warmth at youth age 14 yea...
Abstract/Overview Risky sexual behaviour is a common habit among young people in the world, but its relation with personality has not been explored exhaustively, especially in Kenya. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between personality sub-types and involvement in risky sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Nyakach Sub-county using a Correlational research design. A multistage random sampling was used to determine sample size of 46 schools (88%) and 39...
Abstract/Overview Risky sexual behaviour is a common habit among young people in the world, but its relation with extraversion has not been explored exhaustively, especially in Kenya. The study aimed at establishing relationship between extraversion and involvement in risky sexual behaviour among students in secondary schools in Nyakach Sub-county using a Correlational research design. A multistage random sampling was used to determine a sample size of 46 schools (88%) and 390 students (22%)...
Abstract/Overview Despite the evidence of the existence of strategic plans in nongovernmental organizations in Kenya, the greatest impediment to successful use of these strategies in development has been failure by organizations to implement them. Indeed, previous studies have shown that crafting strategic plans is a lot easier than to make them happen. The objective of the study was to find out the influence of leadership styles on the implementation of the strategic plans. The sample size ...