General introduction For many decades tourism has provided job opportunities and an income for millions of women all over the world (Ashley, et al., 2000; Fayissa, et al., 2008; Ferguson, 2010; Greenwood, 1977; Kinnaird, et al., 1994; Meyer, 2003; Sharpley, 2002). The high demand in tourism for low-skilled and domestic-type activities, the flexible working hours and the low capital requirements motivated many women to find employment in the tourism industry or start a business of their own...
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER STUDIE Diese Studie stellt den Versuch da, die Frage zu beantworten, wie junge Menschen ngoma nutzen, um ihren Platz in der Gesellschaft zu finden, basierend auf der Hauptthese, dass ihnen der Zugang zur Gesellschaft verwehrt bleibt. Daher benutzen die Jugendlichen ngoma 1 , um einen alternativen Raum für sich zu finden. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, verwendet diese Studie Felddaten, die zwischen Juli 2011 und Januar 2014 von jungen Menschen in ngomaGruppen, im ngoma-Pu...
ABSTRACT Nigerian plays are replete with narration of crime and punishment as prime factor in socioeconomic conflict and resolution. Critical studies of these plays have so far focused on the views of the political class with little attention paid to the views of the masses, which are critical to the thematic engagement of the playwrights. Consequently, this study focuses attention on the views of the masses in order to expound the insights of crime and punishment in Nigeria. The study adopt...
ABSTRACT Christ Apostolic Church (CAC), an African indigenous church, has various youth organisations, which have contributed significantly to the growth of the church. Previous studies on CAC have focused on the contributions of the founding fathers, as well as on men and women‟s associations with little attention paid to those of youth organisations. This study, therefore, examined youth organisations in the history of CAC in Southwestern Nigeria from 1943 to 2013 with a view to assessing...
INTRODUCTION The most populous country in Africa, Nigeria is a country of 140 million inhabitants, broken into 250 ethnic/linguistic groups. Nigeria is often characterized by poor governance, corruption and social injustice, manifestations apparent in all facets of Nigerian society. This notwithstanding, however, Nigerians always appreciated the importance of good governance. However, long years of military rule slowed development of democratic values and a culture of transparency and account...
ABSTRACT THE study on Samatengo Noun Phrase Structure draws experiences from earlier works on nominal morphology of the nouns in Bantu languages. The morphology of the nouns has been one of the leading factors in classifying Bantu languages and at the same time grouping nouns into gender classes. Studies by Johnston (1919, 1922) and Guthrie (1948, 1967 – 1971, 1970) based on the morphological analysis of the noun in the Bantu languages. Recent studies like that of Maho (1999), Katamba ...
ABSTRACT The press in a democratic setting sets the agenda for the society through news reports, incisive features, editorials and commentaries. Previous studies on press performance, especially during political crisis situations, concentrated more on the extent of reports of such crises and rarely investigate the factors that influence the reportage. This study, therefore, evaluated the performance of the Nigerian newspapers in their coverage of selected political crisis situations in te...
ABSTRACT Aflatoxins and fumonisins are toxic food contaminants. Knowledge about status of human exposure to, and health effects of these toxins in Tanzania is inadequate. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of dietary exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin in young children by using biomarkers of exposure and assess the impact of the exposure on child growth. A total of 166 children were recruited at age of 6 to 14 months in three villages; Nyabula (Iringa region), Kigwa (Tabora r...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT The crop-livestock farming system is a traditional and main agricultural practice in the eastern part of Ethiopia, where crop grains are produced for food security and residues are for animal feed and domestic fuel consumption. As a result, farmers practice crop residues removal management throughout the cropping seasons. However, there is no adequate information on the impacts of crop residues removal management on soil properties and crop yields under such farming system. ...
ABSTRACT The small agro-processing sub-sector accounts for over 80% of all firms in Tanzania. However, the firms have not been effective in absorbing new labour in the market, as reflected by the unemployment rate, which increased from 5% in 2001to 10% in 2011. The low rate of labour absorption has been partly attributed to the slow growth of small agro-processing firms, which grew by only 10%. Labour productivity also is perceived to be low. Hence firms within the sub-sector have not perfor...
ABSTRACT Despite changing views about what forests are and what values they hold to society, the narrow vision of scientific forestry emphasizing demarcation, mensuration, calculation, and modelling remains hegemonic across most of the World, including in Tanzania. The reproduction of forestry across time and space is the topic of this thesis. The thesis considers reproduction by conceptualizing forestry practices as a product of dispositions (habitus) and encountered situations within the f...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Natural resource use conflicts are a global phenomenon and in Sub-Saharan Africa, such conflicts can be extreme leading to deaths of farmers and pastoralists. The most-reported conflicts over natural resource use occur between farmers versus farmer, pastoralists versus pastoralists, ethnic groups and state and communities to mention a few. Farmers and Pastoralists conflicts are the concern of this study. However, the literature on the effects of conflicts on both well-being...
ABSTRACT Jojoba is a dioecious desert shrub that produces oil of high quality equivalent to that of sperm whale. It is used mainly in the cosmetic and lubrication industry. Currently, there is low production of jojoba globally mainly due to high male to female ratio in the plantations since they are mainly established from seed. To overcome this problem, five experiments were set up with the aim of characterization, propagation and management of jojoba in semi arid areas of Kenya. The exper...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Graduate unemployment is a long-standing socio-economic problem in Tanzania. Consequently, the government of Tanzania is fostering entrepreneurship programmes in higher education with the assumption that graduates will be empowered in their entry into business. However, few graduates have started their own businesses. The thesis provides reasons for this by measuring entrepreneurial tendencies, assessing determinants of the tendencies, identifying barriers to business star...
ABSTRACT In tropical forests, mammals represent particularly rich communities of species with a variety of trophic groups and wide range of life history traits. This diversity plays a significant role in the functioning of the ecosystems. Yet, tropical forest mammals are negatively affected by a number of factors caused by both natural and anthropogenic activities. However, limited and often not-consistent information is available on the status or trends of mammal communities in tropical...