ABSTRACT The study was designed to investigate enticements to teachers‟ engagement in code switching in secondary school classrooms. The study specifically aimed to find out factors that entice teachers to use code switching in secondary school classrooms, identify common patterns of code witching that arise in secondary school classrooms and assess learners‟ attitude towards teachers‟ use of code switching in secondary school classrooms. To achieve these objectives, the study employed...
ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating the influence of Kindali on learning Kiswahili in primary schools in Tanzania. The study was conducted through interviews, questionnaires, observation and library reading. The study area was Mbeya region in Ileje district where four primary schools were selected in four wards. The study was guided by three specific objectives which areː to examine whether the pupil’s native language has positive influence on learning Kiswahili in primary school; ...
ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating on language change in Tanzanian film industry. The study was guided by three objectives namely: to examine the status of language use in Tanzanian film industry before and after 1961; to examine the factors and reasons for language change in Tanzanian movies; and to investigate the impacts of language change in Tanzanian movies. The study was conducted in Dar es Salam City involving movies acted before and after 1961 up to date. Also, the study invo...
ABSTRACT This study is about gender construction and stereotyping in Zanzibar Kiswahili naming system. The study aimed at investigating the nature of naming system and how the community constructs and stereotypes gender through naming system in Zanzibar. The study was guided by three specific objectives which were to examine the nature of Zanzibar Swahili naming system, to investigate how the community constructs gender through naming system and to investigate how the community fosters gende...
ABSTRACT This study was about naming system, gender construction, and gender stereotyping in Kindali. The aim of the study was to investigate and assess the nature of Kindali naming system and how the society constructs and stereotypes gender through naming system in Kindali. The study was guided by three specific objectives which are: to examine the nature of Kindali naming system, to investigate how the society constructs gender through naming system in Kindali, and to investigate how the ...
ABSTRACT The research was conducted in Kipangwa language spoken in Ludewa district in Njombe Region in order to study the factors contributing to language shift from ethnic community languages to Kiswahili in Tanzania. Data were collected by using questionnaire and interviews. The study revealed the presence of early signs of language shift from Kipangwa to Kiswahili. The study found that monolingualism was rare among the Pangwa people, while bilingualism with abilities in both Kipangwa and ...
ABSTRACT The significance of language in the overall civilization and maintenance of social existence of humankind has made some scholars in human development regard language as a universal cultural tool. In particular, the place of, and strategies for, preservation of ethnic community languages in the context of globalisation has recently become an area of serious concern across the world. The purpose of this study was to examine the state of children‟s acquisition of mother tongue in rel...
Pragmatic features of language vary across different circumstances, languages and cultures. This variability may result to incompetence in language users‟ choice and production of pragmatic strategies leading to pragmatic failure or communication breakdown. This study aimed at examining apology strategies by English as Second Language (ESL) students of the University of Kabianga. Successful communication is possible when ESL learners have pragmatic competence that enables them to use l...
Abstract The centre of towns around the world are considered standard for success and center for social needs and future prospect also their urban centers are considered the threat and life line. An urban center are the centers for economical political and social activities and are considered financial and business centers. More over these urban centers are considered demographic economical and environmental challenges. The capital of Sudan, Khartoum is considered one of most important citie...
This paper purports to be a starting point to revisit existing approaches dealing with the origin and spread of languages in the light of the changed circumstances of the Twenty-first century without in any way undermining their applicability across space and time. The origin of spoken languages is intricately and inseparably interwoven and intertwined with the origin of human species as well, and in this paper, we propose a ‘Wholly-independent Multi-Regional hypothesis of the origin of Hom...
The objective of this paper is to present comprehensive principles of language spread that are applicable in post-globalized scenarios, by expanding upon and consolidating our already-published works in which had we studied different aspects of diachronic and synchronic linguistics and language dynamics including language dynamics in India. Admittedly, these principles and theories cannot be comprehensive, inclusive or wide-ranging enough to account for all dimensions of language spread in al...
The earliest known example of an Indus seal dates to 1873 in the form of a drawing published by Alexander Cunningham. Since then, thousands of examples of the Indus script have been discovered, and the Indus script has been subject to very serious analysis by many scholars from all over the world and still continues to fascinate, enchant and frustrate innumerable researchers who have made many a vain attempt to understand its true nature and meaning. The nature of the Indus script remains elu...
This paper is meant to read together with the paper ‘The reconfirmation and reinforcement of the Indus script thesis: a logical assessment and inquiry as to the elusive and enigmatic nature of this script‘, which was published in the ICFAI Journal of History and Culture in January 2011. In the aforementioned paper, we had clearly shown that the Indus script used in the Indus Valley civilization which flourished from 2600 BC to 1900 BC, was a logo-syllabic script. In this paper, we show th...
The objective of this paper is to formalize and document observations on language spread in multilingual or polyglot societies as understood from a study of spoken and written language in various phases in Indian history starting from the Indus Valley Civilization of Ancient India, the mature phase of which began in 2600 BC, to modern Post-independent India, and formalize them into principles wherever possible,so that these can be used as a basis to make further observations and draw further ...
ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate the applicability of the communicative approach (CA) in teaching English language in primary schools in Tanzania. Particularly, the study investigated the attitudes of the primary school English language teachers toward the CA, the adherence to the CA’s principles by the English language teachers and the involvement of the pupils in performing various communicative activities. The research was done in two districts of Kagera Region namely Bukoba Rura...